The effect of text messaging on driver behaviour: a simulator study
The effect of text messaging on driver behaviour: a simulator study
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短信对驾驶员行为的影响：模拟器研究
DOI：
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发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
R. Robbins
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
N. Reed;R. Robbins
RAC基金会（2008年）报告了对2,000多名Facebook用户的调查结果，显示45%的英国司机在开车时发短信。RAC基金会委托TRL使用TRL的驾驶模拟器研究驾驶时发短信造成的损害。17名司机（年龄17-24岁）参加了这项研究。司机完成了一个驱动器正常（不分心）和一个驱动器，他们完成了短信任务。参与者在阅读和写短信时的表现受损，特别是反应时间和保持横向车辆控制的能力。写短信时，反应时间大约慢了35%。TRL早期的研究表明，酒精消费到法律的限度会导致反应时间增加12%;大麻会使反应时间减慢21%。当发短信时，司机明显放慢了速度，这表明他们认识到了这种损害，试图通过降低速度来减轻风险。然而，车道位置的横向变化较大以及发短信时漂移到相邻车道并不能通过减速来缓解，并将导致与其他交通的潜在冲突。女司机在发短信时的横向车道位置比男司机表现出更大的变异性。然而，女性参与者往往表现出更大的减速，这表明她们可能更清楚地意识到自己的驾驶受到了损害。这项研究强调，当发短信时，司机可能会比在酒精消费的法律的限制或大麻的影响下出现更大的事故风险，加强了司机应该避免这种危险活动。（A）
RAC Foundation (2008) reported the results of a survey of 2,000+ users of Facebook, showing that 45% of UK drivers engage in texting whilst driving. The RAC Foundation commissioned TRL to study the impairment caused by texting whilst driving using TRL’s driving simulator. Seventeen drivers (aged 17-24 years) took part in the study. Drivers completed one drive as normal (undistracted) and one drive in which they completed text messaging tasks. Participants were impaired in their performance when reading and writing text messages, particularly reaction time and ability to maintain lateral vehicle control. Reaction times were around 35% slower when writing a text message. Earlier studies at TRL showed that alcohol consumption to the legal limit caused a 12% reaction time increase; cannabis slowed reaction times by 21%. When texting, drivers slowed significantly, indicating that they recognised the impairment, attempting to mitigate risk by reducing speed. However, greater lateral variability in lane position and drifting into adjacent lanes when texting are not mitigated by speed reduction and would lead to potential conflict with other traffic. Female drivers showed greater variability in lateral lane position when texting than male drivers. However, female participants tended to show greater speed reductions, indicating that they may have had greater awareness that their driving was impaired. This study highlighted that when texting, a driver may present a greater accident risk than when at the legal limit for alcohol consumption or when under the influence of cannabis, reinforcing that drivers should refrain from this dangerous activity. (A)