Technical and Social Evaluation of Arsenic Mitigation in Rural Bangladesh
Technical and Social Evaluation of Arsenic Mitigation in Rural Bangladesh
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DOI：
10.3329/jhpn.v27i5.3779
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发表时间：
2009-10-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Nakajima, Jun
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shafiquzzaman, Md.;Azam, Md. Shafiul;Nakajima, Jun
研究了一种除砷技术--索诺砷过滤器在孟加拉国农村地区的技术和社会效益。现场检测结果表明，过滤水连续使用两年后，符合孟加拉国标准（< 50 μ g/L）。对198个使用索诺砷过滤器的家庭和230个未使用索诺砷过滤器的家庭进行了问卷调查。72%的过滤器（n=198）在调查时正在工作。另有28%的过滤器因破损而被废弃。废弃率（28%）低于孟加拉国目前实施的其他减缓方案。家庭不愿意自己修理坏了的过滤器。成本高、过滤器维护问题、污泥处理指导薄弱和流速慢是过滤器的其他缺点。这些结果表明，索诺砷过滤器的实施方法缺乏所有权和长期可持续性。非用户家庭继续使用砷污染的管井，表明调查区缺乏替代供水。家庭支付意愿（约30%）和家庭过滤器的偏好（50%）表明有必要开发一种低成本的家庭砷过滤器。发展以社区为基础的组织也是必要的，以执行一项长期的、可持续的家庭技术计划。
Technical and social performances of an arsenic-removal technology-the sono arsenic filter-in rural areas of Bangladesh were investigated. Results of arsenic field-test showed that filtered water met the Bangladesh standard (< 50 mu g/L) after two years of continuous use. A questionnaire was administrated among 198 sono arsenic filter-user and 230 non-user families. Seventy-two percent of filters (n=198) were working at the time of the survey. Another 28% of the filters were abandoned due to breakage. The abandonment percentage (28%) was lower than other mitigation options currently implemented in Bangladesh. Households were reluctant to repair the broken filters on their own. High cost, problems with maintenance of filters, weak sludge-disposal guidance, and slow flow rate were the other demerits of the filter. These results indicate that the implementation approaches of the sono arsenic filter suffered from lack of ownership and long-term sustainability. Continuous use of arsenic-contaminated tubewells by the non-user households demonstrated the lack of alternative water supply in the survey area. Willingness of households to pay (about 30%) and preference of household filter (50%) suggest the need to develop a low-cost household arsenic filter. Development of community-based organization would be also necessary to implement a long-term, sustainable plan for household-based technology.