Direct manipulation: A step beyond programming languages (abstract only)
Direct manipulation: A step beyond programming languages (abstract only)
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直接操作：超越编程语言的一步（仅限抽象）
DOI：
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发表时间：
1981
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
B. Shneiderman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
B. Shneiderman
直接操纵是一种互动方式，已被广泛变化的系统的实施者使用。直接操作允许新手用户访问强大的设施，而无需学习使用复杂的语法和冗长的命令列表。显示编辑器使用直接操作而不是线编辑器。与标签字段和定界符相比，Form-Fill-In更为直接。空间数据管理比逐个示例更为直接，这比续集更直接。计算机街机游戏和VisicalC是进一步的示例。直接操作涉及三种相互关联的技术：1。提供一种直接的方式来移动光标或操纵感兴趣的对象2。呈现感兴趣对象的具体视觉表示，并立即改变视图以反映操作3。避免使用命令语言并依赖？在显示在显示屏上显示的认知模型的操作上。
Direct manipulation is a style of interaction which has been used by implementers of widely varying systems. Direct manipulation permits novice users access to powerful facilities without the burden of learning to use a complex syntax and lengthy list of commands. Display editors use direct manipulation more than line editors. Form-fill-in is more direct than tag fields and delimiters. Spatial data management is more direct than query-by-example, which is more direct than SEQUEL. Computer arcade games and Visicalc are further examples.Direct manipulation involves three interrelated techniques:1. Provide a physically direct way of moving a cursor or manipulating the objects of interest.2. Present a concrete visual representation of the objects of interest and immediately change the view to reflect operations.3. Avoid using a command language and depend? on operations applied to the cognitive model which is shown on the display.