DS02R1: IMPROVEMENTS TO ATOMIC BOMB SURVIVORS' INPUT DATA AND IMPLEMENTATION OF DOSIMETRY SYSTEM 2002 (DS02) AND RESULTING CHANGES IN ESTIMATED DOSES
DS02R1: IMPROVEMENTS TO ATOMIC BOMB SURVIVORS' INPUT DATA AND IMPLEMENTATION OF DOSIMETRY SYSTEM 2002 (DS02) AND RESULTING CHANGES IN ESTIMATED DOSES
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DOI：
10.1097/hp.0000000000000598
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发表时间：
2017-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Kodama, K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cullings, H. M.;Grant, E. J.;Kodama, K.
2002年剂量测定系统（DS 02）为原子弹幸存者寿命研究（LSS）计算的个人剂量估计值是基于指定轰炸时（ATB）位置和屏蔽的输入数据。最近完成了一项多年努力，以改善有关幸存者位置ATB的信息，沿着全面改善了地形屏蔽输入数据，并对RERF与DS02结合使用的计算算法进行了几次改进。改进始于对1949年至1963年期间从幸存者或其代理人那里获得的关于地点和屏蔽的原始问卷数据进行彻底审查和优先排序。相关源文件的详细程度各不相同，从相对简单的列表到精心构建的结构和其他屏蔽以及周围社区的技术图纸。在这项工作中，通过恢复由于早期数据处理设备的限制而被截断的地图坐标的原始精度，并通过纠正最初用于指定幸存者位置的旧地图（二战时期）的扭曲，以及其他改进，减少了系统性错误。通过将旧地图和街区图纸与轰炸前航空照片新建的城市正射影像拼接图对齐，纠正了失真错误。减少的随机错误包括简单的抄写错误和在旧地图上确定幸存者位置的错误。最初使用旧方法和数据源为有限的幸存者群体估计的地形屏蔽输入数据，使用新的数字地形高程数据为所有幸存者完全重新估计。对算法的改进包括：修正了DS 02代码中用于耦合房屋和地形屏蔽的错误，在计算地形屏蔽输入所用的地平线角度时对幸存者位置的海拔进行了校正，改进了将高剂量估计值截断为4戈伊以减少剂量误差影响的方法，以及计算平均屏蔽透射系数的改进方法，这些系数用于计算没有详细屏蔽输入数据的幸存者的剂量。此处对输入数据的变化进行了总结和详细描述，沿着介绍了由此产生的剂量估计值变化，并简单描述了实体癌死亡率风险估计值的变化。这篇和未来的RERF出版物将把本文描述的新剂量估计称为“DS02R1剂量”。"
Individual dose estimates calculated by Dosimetry System 2002 (DS02) for the Life Span Study (LSS) of atomic bomb survivors are based on input data that specify location and shielding at the time of the bombing (ATB). A multi-year effort to improve information on survivors' locations ATB has recently been completed, along with comprehensive improvements in their terrain shielding input data and several improvements to computational algorithms used in combination with DS02 at RERF. Improvements began with a thorough review and prioritization of original questionnaire data on location and shielding that were taken from survivors or their proxies in the period 1949-1963. Related source documents varied in level of detail, from relatively simple lists to carefully-constructed technical drawings of structural and other shielding and surrounding neighborhoods. Systematic errors were reduced in this work by restoring the original precision of map coordinates that had been truncated due to limitations in early data processing equipment and by correcting distortions in the old (WWII-era) maps originally used to specify survivors' positions, among other improvements. Distortion errors were corrected by aligning the old maps and neighborhood drawings to orthophotographic mosaics of the cities that were newly constructed from pre-bombing aerial photographs. Random errors that were reduced included simple transcription errors and mistakes in identifying survivors' locations on the old maps. Terrain shielding input data that had been originally estimated for limited groups of survivors using older methods and data sources were completely re-estimated for all survivors using new digital terrain elevation data. Improvements to algorithms included a fix to an error in the DS02 code for coupling house and terrain shielding, a correction for elevation at the survivor's location in calculating angles to the horizon used for terrain shielding input, an improved method for truncating high dose estimates to 4 Gy to reduce the effect of dose error, and improved methods for calculating averaged shielding transmission factors that are used to calculate doses for survivors without detailed shielding input data. Input data changes are summarized and described here in some detail, along with the resulting changes in dose estimates and a simple description of changes in risk estimates for solid cancer mortality. This and future RERF publications will refer to the new dose estimates described herein as "DS02R1 doses."