Diversity by Race, Ethnicity, and Sex within the US Psychiatry Physician Workforce
Diversity by Race, Ethnicity, and Sex within the US Psychiatry Physician Workforce
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DOI：
10.1007/s40596-020-01276-z
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发表时间：
2020-07-23
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Deville, Curtiland, Jr.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Wyse, Rhea;Hwang, Wei-Ting;Deville, Curtiland, Jr.
本研究评估了1987年至2016年美国精神病学医生队伍中的种族，民族和性别分布以及趋势。方法作者使用医生劳动力数据来评估精神科执业医生、教职员工、研究员、住院医师、住院医师申请者和医学研究生队列之间的种族、民族和性别差异。使用二项式检验比较个体队列和美国人群统计。一个简单的线性回归模型被用来评估1987-2016年精神科住院医生和教师的趋势。结果在精神病学中，与美国人口（32.6%）相比，历史上代表性不足的少数民族在医学（URM）中的居民（16.2%），教师（8.7%）和执业医生（10.4%）的代表性较低，Ps < 0.0001。女性在精神科执业医师中所占比例较低（38.5%，P < .0001）。住院医师中URM的比例（16.2%）高于精神科教师和执业医师（P <0.0001）。种族/民族的代表性没有显着差异相比，专科研究员，但是，成瘾专科包含最少的URM和女性的多样性。历史趋势表明，女教师的比例（0.9%/年）比女学员（0.6%/年）增长快近1.5倍。相反，URM居民比例（0.26%/年）的增长速度是URM教师比例（0.06%/年）的4倍多，而黑人教师的比例实际上在下降。结论女性和URM的精神病学医生队伍中的代表性显着低于美国人口统计数据，但是，趋势表明代表性不足。虽然精神病学住院医师仍然比其他专业更加多样化，但特定的趋势表明精神病学教师和研究员中少数民族的代表性较差，这是需要关注的领域。
Objective This study assessed the distribution of race, ethnicity, and sex within the US psychiatry physician workforce and trends from 1987 to 2016. Methods The authors used physician workforce data to assess differences in race, ethnicity, and sex among psychiatric practicing physicians, faculty, fellows, residents, residency applicants, and medical graduate cohorts. Binomial tests were used for comparison between individual cohorts and to US population statistics. A simple linear regression model was used to assess trends among psychiatric residents and faculty over years 1987-2016. Results Within psychiatry, historically underrepresented minorities in medicine (URMs) had less representation as residents (16.2%), faculty (8.7%), and practicing physicians (10.4%) compared with the US population (32.6%), Ps < 0.0001. Females were underrepresented as psychiatric practicing physicians (38.5%,P < .0001). There was greater URM representation among residents (16.2%) compared with that of Psychiatry faculty and practicing physicians (Ps < .0001). Racial/ethnic representation did not differ significantly compared with subspecialty fellows; however, the addiction subspecialty contained the least URM and female diversity. Historical trends indicated the proportion of female faculty (0.9%/yr) increased nearly 1.5 times faster than that of female trainees (0.6%/year). Conversely, the proportion of URM residents (0.26%/year) increased over 4 times faster than that of URM faculty (0.06%/year), with black faculty actually decreasing in proportion. Conclusions Female and URM representation within the psychiatry physician workforce is significantly lower than US population demographics; however, trends indicate diminishing underrepresentation. While psychiatry residency remains more diverse than other specialties, specific trends identify poor minority representation among psychiatry faculty and fellows as areas needing attention.