The host immune response in respiratory virus infection: balancing virus clearance and immunopathology.
The host immune response in respiratory virus infection: balancing virus clearance and immunopathology.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/s00281-016-0558-0
复制
发表时间：
2016-07
影响因子：
9
通讯作者：
Braciale TJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Newton AH;Cardani A;Braciale TJ
呼吸道经常暴露于外部环境，因此必须配备应对和消除病原体的设备。病毒清除和感染的解决需要由常驻呼吸道细胞和先天免疫细胞引发的复杂的多方面应答，并最终由适应性免疫细胞解决。虽然有效的免疫反应以消除病毒病原体是必不可少的，但延长或过度的反应可能会损害呼吸道。免疫介导的肺损伤在临床上表现为多种方式，这取决于损伤的位置和程度。因此，抗病毒免疫应答代表了病毒消除和免疫介导的肺损伤之间的平衡作用。在这篇综述中，我们强调了宿主对急性病毒感染反应的主要组成部分及其在减轻呼吸道损伤中的作用。我们还简要描述了呼吸道病毒感染的常见临床表现和形态学相关性。大流行性流感造成的持续威胁以及新的呼吸道病毒的出现也能够产生严重的急性肺损伤，如SARS冠状病毒，MERS冠状病毒，肠道病毒D68，强调需要了解的免疫机制，有助于病毒消除和免疫介导的损伤。
The respiratory tract is constantly exposed to the external environment, and therefore, must be equipped to respond to and eliminate pathogens. Viral clearance and resolution of infection requires a complex, multi-faceted response initiated by resident respiratory tract cells and innate immune cells and ultimately resolved by adaptive immune cells. Although an effective immune response to eliminate viral pathogens is essential, a prolonged or exaggerated response can damage the respiratory tract. Immune-mediated pulmonary damage is manifested clinically in a variety of ways depending on location and extent of injury. Thus, the antiviral immune response represents a balancing act between the elimination of virus and immune-mediated pulmonary injury. In this review, we highlight major components of the host response to acute viral infection and their role in contributing to mitigating respiratory damage. We also briefly describe common clinical manifestations of respiratory viral infection and morphological correlates. The continuing threat posed by pandemic influenza as well as the emergence of novel respiratory viruses also capable of producing severe acute lung injury such as SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and enterovirus D68, highlights the need for an understanding of the immune mechanisms that contribute to virus elimination and immune-mediated injury.