Industry interests in gambling research: Lessons learned from other forms of hazardous consumption
Industry interests in gambling research: Lessons learned from other forms of hazardous consumption
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.11.007
复制
发表时间：
2018-03-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Thomas, S. L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cowlishaw, S.;Thomas, S. L.
研究表明，许多针对危险消费（包括烟草、酒精和赌博）的减害政策的证据基础已被从此类商品中获取收入的商业行业扭曲了。对烟草和酒精的研究最能说明这些扭曲，这表明各行业使用类似的策略，通过证据工程等方法来确定有利的政策环境。尽管人们担心赌博研究同样容易受到商业利益的影响，但相关文献远远落后于其他领域，本文的目的是提高对行业影响研究策略的熟悉程度。它总结了预期公共卫生目标与从危险消费中获利的公司之间发生冲突的概念和经验基础。它还总结了描述烟草公司采取的做法的证据，其中包括第三方技术和选择性资助研究，以制造怀疑并转移人们对吸烟后果的注意力。然后，它回顾了表明酒精行业使用的类似策略的早期和新出现的证据，并利用这些文献来观察赌博行业的做法。它认为，选择性资助研究和第三方技术的相似之处为人们强烈关注商业对赌博研究的影响以及实施预防性方法来管理既得利益提供了理由。
Research indicates that the evidential bases for many harm reduction policies targeting hazardous consumptions (including tobacco, alcohol and gambling) have been distorted by commercial industries that derive revenue from such commodities. These distortions are best illustrated by research on tobacco and alcohol, which indicates similar tactics used by industries to determine favourable policy environments through engineering of evidence, among other approaches. Although there is concern that gambling research is similarly vulnerable to commercial interests, the relevant literature lags far behind other fields and the aim of this paper is to increase familiarity with tactics used by industries for influencing research. It summarises the conceptual and empirical bases for expecting conflicts between goals of public health and companies that profit from hazardous consumptions. It also summarises evidence describing practices deployed by tobacco corporations, which include third-party techniques and the selective funding of research to manufacture doubt and deflect attention away from the consequences of smoking. It then reviews both early and emerging evidence indicating similar strategies used by alcohol industry, and uses this literature to view practices of the gambling industry. It argues that parallels regarding selective funding of research and third-party techniques provide grounds for strong concern about commercial influences on gambling research, and implementation of precautionary approaches to management of vested interests.