The influence of open arm ledges and maze experience in the elevated plus-maze
The influence of open arm ledges and maze experience in the elevated plus-maze
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DOI：
10.1016/0091-3057(95)02171-x
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发表时间：
1996-05-01
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
File, SE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fernandes, C;File, SE
在实验一中，大鼠在+迷宫中测试，在开放的手臂上有或没有小台阶，注射赋形剂或氯氮卓酮(7.5 mg/kg)。他们在第一次或第二次接触迷宫时得分；那些在试验2中得分的人在24小时前接受了5分钟的非药物迷宫暴露。该剂量的氯氮卓酮对试验1只在无台阶迷宫中有显著的抗焦虑作用，对试验2只在有台阶迷宫中有显著的抗焦虑作用，因此，有台阶的存在对试验1和试验2的焦虑敏感性有不同的影响。因子分析研究(实验2)的结果证实了当大鼠重复暴露在迷宫中时，台阶有不同的作用。因此，在没有台架的迷宫中，试验1反映焦虑活性的分数加载到一个因素上，而试验2和3的分数加载到另一个独立因素上。在有台阶的迷宫中，试验1、试验2和试验3中反映焦虑缓解活性的分数加载了三个独立因素。考虑到已发表的证据和本研究的结果，我们认为这两种类型的正迷宫可能测量的是同一类型的焦虑，在试验1中具有不同的敏感性(例如，一般性焦虑或对开放空间的恐惧)；在试验2中，测量不同类型的焦虑(无壁架-恐高症；有壁架-未知)，以及试验3在有壁架的迷宫中，还有另一种类型的焦虑。此外，还给出了在+迷宫上的行为学措施和在孔板上的活动和探索的因子分析结果。基于因子负荷，在试验1中提出了一种焦虑的综合测量方法，该方法将增加正迷宫对抗焦虑治疗的敏感性。正迷宫负荷中的马达活动的量度与从孔板得出的量度不同，因此告诫不要认为所有的马达活性量度都是可以互换的。
In Experiment 1, rats were tested in a plus-maze, with or without small ledges on the open arms, after injection with vehicle or chlordiazepoxide (7.5 mg/kg). They were scored either on their first or second exposure to the maze; those scored on trial 2 had received a 5-min undrugged exposure to the maze 24 h earlier. This dose of chlordiazepoxide had a significant anxiolytic effect on trial 1 only in the maze without ledges, and on trial 2 only in the maze with ledges; thus, the presence of ledges differentially affected anxiolytic sensitivity on trials 1 and 2. The results of a factor analysis study (Experiment 2) confirmed that ledges had a differential effect when rats were repeatedly exposed to the maze. Thus, in the maze without ledges, the scores reflecting anxiolytic activity on trial 1 loaded on one factor, whereas the scores from trials 2 and 3 loaded on another independent factor. In the maze with ledges, the scores reflecting anxiolytic activity on trials 1, 2, and 3 loaded on three independent factors. Considering the published evidence and the results of the present study, we suggest that both types of plus-maze may be measuring the same type of anxiety with different sensitivities on trial 1 (e.g., generalised anxiety or fear of open spaces); different types of anxiety on trial 2 (without ledges-phobia/fear of heights; with ledges-not known), and trial 3 in the maze with ledges, yet another type of anxiety. The factor analysis results are also presented for ethological measures on the plus-maze, and for activity and exploration in the holeboard. Based on the factor loadings, a composite measure of anxiety on trial 1 is presented which will increase the sensitivity of the plus-maze to anxiolytic treatments. The measures of motor activity in the plus-maze load on a different factor from those derived from the holeboard, thus cautioning against considering all measures of motor activity as interchangeable.