Assessing normal and abnormality personality functioning: Strengths and weaknesses of self-report, observer, and performance-based methods
Assessing normal and abnormality personality functioning: Strengths and weaknesses of self-report, observer, and performance-based methods
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DOI：
10.1080/00223890701356987
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发表时间：
2007-08-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Ganellen, Ronald J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ganellen, Ronald J.
评估人格特征；区分正常功能和异常功能之间的界限；识别由于适应不良的人格特质而导致的工作、人际关系和情绪状态方面的损害；将这些发现转化为有效、适当的治疗干预措施是一项复杂的工作。除非拥有关于一个人的行为模式、认知、情绪和人际关系的准确信息，否则无法得出关于该人的人格功能和调整的有效、可靠的结论。我使用明确的评估方法（例如自我报告措施和临床访谈）讨论评估方法的优点和缺点；从知识渊博的观察者处获得的信息；基于绩效的隐性评估方法，例如罗夏墨迹综合系统（Exner，2003）。与显性评估方法相反，隐性方法可以提供有关人格构造的显着信息，无论个体是否准确地概念化了该构造、是否权衡了该构造如何描述他们、是否有自我意识以及是否愿意公开提供与该构造相关的信息。我认为，如果结论是基于多方法评估方法得出的，该方法结合了使用显性评估方法收集的信息、重要他人提供的信息以及基于绩效或隐性人格测量的数据，那么关于个人人格风格、调整问题和治疗需求的结论的准确性可能会提高。
Assessing personality characteristics; distinguishing the boundaries between normal and abnormal functioning; identifying impairment in the domains of work, interpersonal relationships, and emotional state due to maladaptive personality traits; and translating these findings into effective, appropriate treatment interventions is a complicated endeavor. Valid, reliable conclusions about an individual's personality functioning and adjustment cannot be reached unless one has accurate information about that person's patterns of behavior, cognitions, emotions, and interpersonal relationships. I discuss strengths and weaknesses of assessment approaches utilizing explicit assessment methods, such as self-report measures and clinical interviews; information obtained from knowledgeable observers; and performance-based, implicit assessment methods such as the Rorschach Comprehensive System (Exner, 2003). In contrast to explicit methods of assessment, implicit methods can provide salient information about a personality construct whether or not individuals have accurately conceptualized that construct, have weighed how the construct describes them, are self-aware, and are willing to openly provide information relevant to that construct. I propose that the accuracy of conclusions about an individual's personality style, problems in adjustment, and treatment needs may be improved if conclusion are based on a multimethod assessment approach that incorporates information gathered using explicit assessment methods, information provided by significant others, and data from performance-based or implicit measures of personality.