Mitochondrial DNA: A disposable genome?
Mitochondrial DNA: A disposable genome?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.05.016
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发表时间：
2015-09
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Alexeyev MF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Shokolenko IN;Alexeyev MF
在哺乳动物细胞中，线粒体是除了细胞核之外唯一容纳基因组DNA的细胞器。哺乳动物线粒体基因组由原核类型的、环状的、高度致密的DNA分子代表。今天，在它们被发现半个多世纪后，这些小而多余的分子的生物学仍然比它们的核对应物少得多。近年来出现的线粒体基因组的一个特点是它的一次性性质，正如细胞在响应各种刺激时放弃一部分线粒体DNA（mtDNA）所证明的那样，几乎没有或没有生理后果。在这里，我们回顾了mtDNA生物学领域的一些最新进展，并讨论了mtDNA的可处置性和不可或缺性的新问题。
In mammalian cells, mitochondria are the only organelles besides the nucleus that house genomic DNA. The mammalian mitochondrial genome is represented by prokaryotic-type, circular, highly compacted DNA molecules. Today, more than a half-century after their discovery, the biology of these small and redundant molecules remains much less understood than that of their nuclear counterparts. One peculiarity of the mitochondrial genome that emerged in recent years is its disposable nature, as evidenced by cells abandoning a fraction of their mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in response to various stimuli with little or no physiological consequence. Here, we review some recent developments in the field of mtDNA biology and discuss emerging questions on the disposability and indispensability of mtDNA.