A Unified Building Model for 3D Urban GIS
A Unified Building Model for 3D Urban GIS
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DOI：
10.3390/ijgi1020120
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发表时间：
2012-07
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Mekawy;A. Östman;I. Hijazi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Mekawy;A. Östman;I. Hijazi
如今，城市和建筑设计中的多项任务都是在地理空间背景下进行的。建筑信息模型 (BIM) 和地理空间技术提供 3D 数据模型，提供有关建筑物和周围环境的信息。行业基础类 (IFC) 和 CityGML 是当今分别用于表示 BIM 和地理空间模型的两个最著名的语义模型。 CityGML 已成为城市模型建模的标准，而 IFC 已被开发为建筑对象和场地的参考模型。当前的 CAD 和地理空间软件提供了允许将信息从一种格式转换为另一种格式的工具。然而，这些工具的功能相当有限，通常会导致转换中的数据和信息丢失。本文描述了一种基于统一建筑模型（UBM）的数据集成新方法，该模型封装了 CityGML 和 IFC 模型，从而避免了模型之间的转换和信息丢失。为了构建 UBM，首先从两个模型中收集所有类和相关概念，合并重叠概念，创建新对象以确保捕获室内和室外对象，最后重新定义对象之间的空间关系。统一建模语言（UML）符号用于表示其对象以及它们之间的关系。有两个用例场景，均设置在医院：“疏散”和“为患者病房分配空间”是为了验证和测试所提出的 UBM 数据模型而开发的。基于这两个场景，定义了四个验证查询，以验证所提出的统一建筑模型的适当性。通过案例场景和四个查询，已经验证正在开发的 UBM 能够以明显无缝的方式集成 CityGML 数据以及 IFC 数据。约束和丰富函数用于填充空数据库表和字段。动机场景还显示了采用集成方法对室内和室外空间特征进行建模的需求和好处。
Several tasks in urban and architectural design are today undertaken in a geospatial context. Building Information Models (BIM) and geospatial technologies offer 3D data models that provide information about buildings and the surrounding environment. The Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) and CityGML are today the two most prominent semantic models for representation of BIM and geospatial models respectively. CityGML has emerged as a standard for modeling city models while IFC has been developed as a reference model for building objects and sites. Current CAD and geospatial software provide tools that allow the conversion of information from one format to the other. These tools are however fairly limited in their capabilities, often resulting in data and information losses in the transformations. This paper describes a new approach for data integration based on a unified building model (UBM) which encapsulates both the CityGML and IFC models, thus avoiding translations between the models and loss of information. To build the UBM, all classes and related concepts were initially collected from both models, overlapping concepts were merged, new objects were created to ensure the capturing of both indoor and outdoor objects, and finally, spatial relationships between the objects were redefined. Unified Modeling Language (UML) notations were used for representing its objects and relationships between them. There are two use-case scenarios, both set in a hospital: “evacuation” and “allocating spaces for patient wards” were developed to validate and test the proposed UBM data model. Based on these two scenarios, four validation queries were defined in order to validate the appropriateness of the proposed unified building model. It has been validated, through the case scenarios and four queries, that the UBM being developed is able to integrate CityGML data as well as IFC data in an apparently seamless way. Constraints and enrichment functions are used for populating empty database tables and fields. The motivation scenarios also show the needs and benefits of having an integrated approach to the modeling of indoor and outdoor spatial features.