Conceptual and measurement challenges in research on cognitive reserve.
Conceptual and measurement challenges in research on cognitive reserve.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1017/s1355617710001748
复制
发表时间：
2011-07
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Stern, Yaakov
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jones, Richard N.;Manly, Jennifer;Glymour, M. Maria;Rentz, Dorene M.;Jefferson, Angela L.;Stern, Yaakov
关键词：
广义上的认知储备包括大脑结构和功能的各个方面，这些方面可以在受伤或病理情况下优化个人表现。储备被定义为大脑结构和/或功能的一个特征，它改变了损伤或病理与神经心理学任务或临床结果之间的关系。储备金的研究具有挑战性，原因有二。第一个是：储备是一个假设的结构，没有直接的储备措施。代理变量和潜变量模型被用来尝试操作储备。第二个是：神经元病理学的体内测量并不广泛。当既不直接测量风险因素也不直接测量调节因素时，开发和测试涉及风险因素（损伤或病理学）、调节因素（储备）和结局（性能或临床状态）的模型具有挑战性。我们讨论了用潜变量模型量化储量的方法，重点是它们在观察性研究数据分析中的应用。越来越多的潜变量模型被用来生成基于多个代理的认知储备组合。我们回顾了认知储备潜变量建模方法的理论和本体论地位，并提出了推进该领域的研究策略。
Cognitive reserve, broadly conceived, encompasses aspects of brain structure and function that optimize individual performance in the presence of injury or pathology. Reserve is defined as a feature of brain structure and/or function that modifies the relationship between injury or pathology and performance on neuropsychological tasks or clinical outcomes. Reserve is challenging to study for two reasons. The first is: reserve is a hypothetical construct, and direct measures of reserve are not available. Proxy variables and latent variable models are used to attempt to operationalize reserve. The second is: in vivo measures of neuronal pathology are not widely available. It is challenging to develop and test models involving a risk factor (injury or pathology), a moderator (reserve) and an outcome (performance or clinical status) when neither the risk factor nor the moderator are measured directly. We discuss approaches for quantifying reserve with latent variable models, with emphasis on their application in the analysis of data from observational studies. Increasingly latent variable models are used to generate composites of cognitive reserve based on multiple proxies. We review the theoretical and ontological status of latent variable modeling approaches to cognitive reserve, and suggest research strategies for advancing the field.