Abyssal Solenogastres (Mollusca, Aplacophora) from the Northwest Pacific: Scratching the Surface of Deep-Sea Diversity Using Integrative Taxonomy
Abyssal Solenogastres (Mollusca, Aplacophora) from the Northwest Pacific: Scratching the Surface of Deep-Sea Diversity Using Integrative Taxonomy
复制标题
DOI：
10.3389/fmars.2017.00410
复制
发表时间：
2017-01-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Joerger, Katharina M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bergmeier, Franziska S.;Brandt, Angelika;Joerger, Katharina M.
Solenogastres是一小片海洋无壳蠕虫软体动物林地，有近300个有效物种。它们的分布遍及所有海洋，虽然绝大多数物种是从大陆架和陆坡采集和描述的，但在4000米以下的深度只有少数物种已知。按照传统的分类学，从物种层面鉴定标本是复杂和耗时的，需要对形态和解剖学进行详细调查--往往导致生物多样性或生物地理研究排除在沼泽地之外。在KuramBio(Kuril-堪察加生物多样性研究)考察西北太平洋深海平原和Kuril-堪察加海沟期间，从4,830米到5,397米范围内采集了33个Solenogaster标本。在这项研究中，我们提出了一种有效的工作流程来处理Solenogaster多样性，即使在面临高度的独生体和微小的身体尺寸的情况下，也阻碍了对单个个体进行多种形态和分子研究的使用。我们基于自己设计的一套Solenogaster特异的线粒体引物，将外部性状和硬化组分析与分子条形码相结合。总体而言，我们能够描绘出至少19个Solenogaster谱系，并识别出15个科级及以上的物种。根据我们的方法，我们从两个物种最丰富的科(棘藻科和普鲁沃丁科)中确定了三个关键谱系，以进行更深入的分类研究，并描述了新的深海物种Amboherpia abyssokurilensis sp.。11月(Cavibelonia，棘蜂科)使用显微解剖三维重建。我们的研究比之前记录的西北太平洋及其边缘海域的龙虾物种增加了一倍多。几乎所有的血统都是首次报道来自(西北)太平洋地区，极大地扩大了各自支系的分布范围。此外，它使在全球范围内从深海收集的Solenogastes数量翻了一番，并突显出在深海地带缺乏探索性的阿尔法多样性工作，无法对海洋生物多样性进行可靠的物种估计。
Solenogastres (Aplacophora) is a small Glade of marine, shell-less worm-molluscs with close to 300 valid species. Their distribution ranges across all oceans, and whereas the vast majority of species has been collected and described from the continental shelf and slope, only few species are known from depths below 4,000 m. Following traditional taxonomy, identification of specimens to species level is complex and time-consuming and requires detailed investigations of morphology and anatomy-often resulting in the exclusion of the Glade in biodiversity or biogeographic studies. During the KuramBio expedition (Kuril-Kamchatka Biodiversity Studies) to the abyssal plain of the Northwest Pacific and the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench, 33 solenogaster specimens were sampled from 4,830 m to 5,397 m. Within this study we present an efficient workflow to address solenogaster diversity, even when confronted with a high degree of singletons and minute body sizes, hampering the use of single individuals for multiple morphological and molecular approaches. We combine analyses of external characters and scleritome with molecular barcoding based on a self-designed solenogaster specific set of mitochondrial primers. Overall we were able to delineate at least 19 solenogaster lineages and identify 15 species to family level and beyond. Based on our approach we identified three key lineages from the two regionally most species-rich families (Acanthomeniidae and Pruvotinidae) for deeper taxonomic investigations and describe the novel abyssal species Amboherpia abyssokurilensis sp. nov. (Cavibelonia, Acanthomeniidae) using microanatomical 3D-reconstructions. Our study more than doubles the previous records of solenogaster species from the Northwest Pacific and its marginal seas. Almost all lineages are reported for the first time from the region of the (Northwest) Pacific, vastly expanding distribution ranges of the respective clades. Moreover it doubles the number of Solenogastres collected from abyssal depths on a global scale and underlines the lack of exploratory alpha-diversity work in the abyssal zone for reliable species estimates in marine biodiversity.