Rafting on abiotic substrata: properties of floating items and their influence on community succession
Rafting on abiotic substrata: properties of floating items and their influence on community succession
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DOI：
10.3354/meps09344
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发表时间：
2011-01-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Thiel, Martin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bravo, Macarena;Carlos Astudillo, Juan;Thiel, Martin
生物多样性广泛的非生物漂浮基质上分散，但很少有人知道这些项目上的污损生物群落的演替。海洋中发现的主要非生物漂浮物（火山浮石、塑料和聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料）在3个主要特征上有所不同，即表面粗糙度、浮力和漂浮行为，本文通过光学和电子显微镜（SEM）、浮力测量和实验室测试来确定漂浮稳定性。为了研究这些特性对这些基质上的定殖和群落演替的影响，在田间进行了14 wk的3个试验：（1）将基质永久淹没，以确定定殖是否依赖于基质表面（2）将底层系在海面上以检验浮力的重要性（3）将基质置于笼中以测试其漂浮行为的作用（“笼”实验）。在所有3个实验中最常见的殖民者是硅藻，石莼，和克隆海鞘属的Diplosoma。基层的表面粗糙度只有轻微的影响，对发展中国家的社区的分类丰富度。浮力造成了一些差异，在类群覆盖，但类群丰富度是相似的所有3个基层。最后，在海面上的浮动行为有很大的影响，社区发展的浮动基质。塑料（最少的位置变化）提出了更高的丰富性和覆盖的类群，而聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料（最位置的变化）窝藏很少的类群。我们的结论是殖民化和继承浮动基质的位置变化的强烈影响，而表面粗糙度和浮力出现重要的只是在群落演替的初始阶段。
A wide diversity of organisms is dispersed on abiotic floating substrata, but little is known about the succession of fouling communities on these items. The main abiotic floating items found in the oceans (volcanic pumice, plastics, and Styrofoam) differ in 3 principal characteristics, namely surface rugosity, buoyancy, and floating behaviour, confirmed herein by light and electron microscopy (SEM), measurements of buoyancy, and laboratory tests to determine floating stability. In order to examine how these properties affect colonization and community succession on these substrata, 3 experiments were conducted in the field for 14 wk: (1) substrata were permanently submerged to determine if colonization depends on substratum surface ('Rings' experiment); (2) substrata were tethered at the sea surface to examine the importance of buoyancy ('Lines' experiment); and (3) substrata were caged to test the role of their floating behaviour ('Cages' experiment). The most common colonizers in all 3 experiments were diatoms, Ulvales, and clonal ascidians from the genus Diplosoma. Surface rugosity of the substrata had only minor effects on the taxonomic richness of the developing communities. Buoyancy caused some differences in taxon cover, but taxon richness was similar on all 3 substrata. Finally, the floating behaviour at the sea surface had a strong influence on the communities developing on the floating substrata. Plastics (fewest changes in position) presented a higher richness and cover of taxa, while Styrofoam (most positional changes) harboured very few taxa. We conclude that colonization and succession on floating substrata is strongly influenced by positional changes, while surface rugosity and buoyancy appear important only during initial stages of community succession.