An eggshell-localised annexin plays a key role in the coordination of the life cycle of a plant-parasitic nematode with its host.
An eggshell-localised annexin plays a key role in the coordination of the life cycle of a plant-parasitic nematode with its host.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.ppat.1011147
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发表时间：
2023-02
期刊：
影响因子：
6.7
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中科院分区：
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寄主特异性植物病原体必须协调其生命周期与寄主植物的可用性。虽然这通常是通过对来自宿主植物的特定化学信号的反应来实现的，但对这些信号的反应的分子基础以及这些信号如何用于触发生命周期的激活知之甚少。在寄主特异性植物寄生孢囊线虫中，未孵化的幼线虫在蛋壳中休眠，直到检测到来自合适的寄主植物的化学线索并启动孵化过程。孵化与这些化学线索的存在有关的分子机制尚不清楚。我们已经确定了一种新的膜联蛋白样蛋白，是本地化的马铃薯孢囊线虫Globodera rostochiensis的蛋壳。这种膜联蛋白的独特之处在于具有短肽插入，结构建模预测该短肽插入存在于该蛋白质的钙结合位点之一。宿主诱导的膜联蛋白基因沉默影响线虫调控蛋壳通透性的能力。我们表明，在存在的化学物质，诱导孵化膜联蛋白脂质结合能力的变化，提供了第一个线虫蛋壳蛋白和宿主来源的线索之间的分子联系。这项工作展示了如何从一个大家庭的蛋白质已被招募到发挥关键作用的存在下的主机的感知，并提供了一个新的潜在途径，控制孢囊线虫，影响全球粮食生产马铃薯孢囊线虫（PCN）是病原体的经济上重要的茄科植物。与其他寄主特异性植物病原体一样，多氯化萘也会对来自合适寄主植物的化学信号作出特异性反应，从而恢复其生命周期。在这里，我们第一次描述，蛋壳本地化的膜联蛋白，发挥了关键作用，在响应分泌的主机化学物质的存在。降低这种蛋白质的水平会影响线虫控制蛋壳渗透性的能力，而蛋白质的脂质结合特性在宿主来源的化学线索存在下会发生特异性变化，最终影响孵化。这项工作代表了植物寄生线虫如何响应宿主化学物质的第一个分子测定。此外，这是第一次鉴定和定位任何寄生线虫蛋壳蛋白。本研究所用的技术可广泛应用于其他种类的线虫，从而进一步发现蛋壳相关蛋白，并开发新一代杀线虫剂或驱虫剂。
Host-specific plant pathogens must coordinate their life cycles with the availability of a host plant. Although this is frequently achieved through a response to specific chemical cues derived from the host plant, little is known about the molecular basis of the response to such cues and how these are used to trigger activation of the life cycle. In host-specific plant-parasitic cyst nematodes, unhatched juvenile nematodes lie dormant in the eggshell until chemical cues from a suitable host plant are detected and the hatching process is initiated. The molecular mechanisms by which hatch is linked to the presence of these chemical cues is unknown. We have identified a novel annexin-like protein that is localised to the eggshell of the potato cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis. This annexin is unique in having a short peptide insertion that structural modelling predicts is present in one of the calcium-binding sites of this protein. Host-induced gene silencing of the annexin impacts the ability of the nematode to regulate and control permeability of the eggshell. We show that in the presence of the chemicals that induce hatching annexin lipid binding capabilities change, providing the first molecular link between a nematode eggshell protein and host-derived cues. This work demonstrates how a protein from a large family has been recruited to play a critical role in the perception of the presence of a host and provides a new potential route for control of cyst nematodes that impact global food production Potato cyst nematodes (PCN) are pathogens of economically important solanaceous plants. Like other host-specific plant-pathogens, PCN resume their life cycle specifically in response to chemical cues from suitable host plants. Here, for the first time, we describe, an eggshell localised annexin that plays a key role in the response to the presence of secreted host chemicals. Reducing the level of this protein impacts the ability of the nematode to control permeability of the eggshell, while the lipid binding properties of the protein change specifically in the presence of host derived chemical cues, ultimately affecting hatching. This work represents the first molecular determination of how a plant-parasitic nematode responds to a host chemical. Additionally, this is the first occurrence of identification and localisation of any parasitic nematode eggshell protein. The techniques used in this research can be widely applied to other species of nematodes allowing discovery of further eggshell-associated proteins and development of a new generation of nematicides or anthelminthics.