The development of prehistoric mining and metallurgy in Anatolia
The development of prehistoric mining and metallurgy in Anatolia
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安纳托利亚史前采矿和冶金业的发展
DOI：
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发表时间：
1978
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
P. D. Jesus
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. D. Jesus
人们早就知道安纳托利亚（大约在今天）
土耳其）积极参与冶金的各个方面
早在新石器时代就有了本论文对各种
冶金工业的各个方面，从7世纪开始，
千禧年B.C.to早期青铜时代的结束（约。公元前2000年）
它收集了大量的地质数据，
含金、银、砷和铜的金属矿石。科目
还讨论了采矿和冶炼方法。伴随
与这些是一份报告的调查所作的作者（根据赞助
土耳其矿物勘探和研究所）
土耳其早期采矿和冶炼地点的位置。分析
矿渣和矿石的成分包括在附录和目录中。的
金属制品本身是以目录的形式，并充分参考
所有的史前安纳托利亚金属制品，
分析了
根据上述数据，
整个工业被看作是五千年的过程。许多
更多的铜矿床，考古学家和历史学家不知道，
在这项研究中被发现。这些沉积物的存在
使我们现在能够扩大冶金发展的范围，
工业，而不是把它看作是依赖于一些主要的
像埃尔加尼、穆尔古尔和卡斯塔莫努这样的矿床，我们现在可以保留
选择在不同地区进行分支和分开发展
安纳托利亚。事实上，金属制品表明了这一点，
直到EB 11才变得明显，从那时起，
日期.早期的材料并不缺乏，并提出了一个更
分散的一系列地方性疾病。铜石时代的化石
可能是松散的联系，也许是共享共同的资源，
但他们似乎仍然保持着文化上的独特性。这是
铜器时代文化的融合
在EB 11和EB 111中见证了多产的冶金发展。
It has long been known that Anatolia (approximately present day
Turkey) participated actively in diverse aspects of metallurgy
from as early as the Neolithic period. This thesis treats various
facets of the metallurgical industry from its outset in the 7th
millennium B.C.to the end of the Early Bronze Age (ca. 2000 B.C.)
It collects together much of the geological data pertaining to
the metalliferous ores of gold, silver, arsenic, and copper. Subjects
also discussed are the methods of mining and smelting. Concomitant
with these is a report on surveys made by the author (under the auspices
of the Turkish Mineral Exploration and Research institute) on
the location of early mining and smelting sites in Turkey. Analyses
of slag and ore are included in the Appendices and Catalogues. The
metalwork itself is presented in Catalogue form, and full reference
is made to all the prehistoric Anatolian metalwork which has been
analyzed.
Based on the above data, the development of the metallurgical
industry as a whole is viewed over the course of 5 millennia. Many
more copper deposits, unknown to archaeologists and historians, are
brought to light i n this study. The presence of these deposits
allows us now to widen our scope of the development of the metallurgical
industry, Instead of seeing it as dependent on a few major
deposits such as Ergani, Murgul and Kastamonu, we can now reserve
the option of offshoots and separate development in different areas
of Anatolia. The metalwork, in fact, suggest this, though it does
not become apparent until EB 11, from when the bulk of our documents
dates. Earlier material is not lacking and does suggest an even more
dispersed series of local metallurgies.. Chalcolithic metallurgies
were probably loosely associated, perhaps by sharing common sources,
but they still appear to have remained culturally distinct. It was
the coming together of the Chalcolithic cultures that provided the
prolific metallurgical development witnessed in EB 11 and EB 111.