Effects of inhibitors and biochar on nitrous oxide emissions, nitrate leaching, and plant nitrogen uptake from urine patches of grazing animals on grasslands: a meta-analysis
Effects of inhibitors and biochar on nitrous oxide emissions, nitrate leaching, and plant nitrogen uptake from urine patches of grazing animals on grasslands: a meta-analysis
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抑制剂和生物炭对草原放牧动物尿液斑块中一氧化二氮排放、硝酸盐浸出和植物氮吸收的影响：荟萃分析
DOI：
10.1080/00380768.2017.1367627
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发表时间：
2017-01-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Akiyama, Hiroko
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cai, Yanjiang;Akiyama, Hiroko
放牧草地上的排泄物斑块是氮微量气体排放和淋溶的重要来源。硝化抑制剂（NI），脲酶抑制剂（UI）和生物炭已被测试，以减少氮素损失和增加氮素利用在各种农业生态系统。虽然在以前的研究中已经评估了NI，UIs或生物炭对化学氮肥和有机肥的N损失或N利用的有效性，但还没有全面评估其对草地上放牧动物排泄物斑块的有效性。因此，本研究的目的是更好地了解抑制剂和生物炭对主要的N动态排泄物补丁的影响。因此，我们分析了44项研究的结果（分别对N2 O排放、NO3-淋溶、植物氮吸收和植物产量进行了156、65、67和97项比较），以评估添加剂对排泄物斑块氮损失和吸收的影响。我们的研究结果表明，与不含添加剂的尿液贴片相比，吡唑衍生物（NI），N-（正丁基）硫代磷酰三胺（NBPT，UI）和生物炭不影响N2 O排放，而双氰胺（DCD，NI）和NBPT和DCD的组合（NBPT + DCD）分别显着减少排放51%和48%。DCD和NBPT + DCD还显著减少了NO3−的淋溶（分别为46%和42%），增加了植物对氮的吸收（分别为14%和15%）和植物产量（分别为7%和12%）。我们的研究结果表明，DCD的应用是有效的，在减少氮损失和增加氮利用尿斑，但NBPT + DCD将是一个更好的选择，以避免潜在的增加氨排放后DCD的应用。然而，在大规模应用之前，应充分评估使用抑制剂的潜在不利影响和经济可行性。
ABSTRACT Excreta (urine and dung) patches on grazed grasslands are significant sources of nitrogen (N) trace gas emissions and leaching. Nitrification inhibitors (NIs), urease inhibitors (UIs) and biochar have been tested to reduce N losses and increase N utilization in various agro-ecosystems. Although the effectiveness of NIs, UIs or biochar on N losses or N utilization for chemical N fertilizers and manures have been evaluated in previous studies, there has been no comprehensive assessment on their effectiveness for excreta patches of grazing animals on grassland. This study thus aims to better understand the effects of inhibitors and biochar on the major N dynamics in excreta patches. Thus, we analyzed the results of 44 studies (156, 65, 67, and 97 comparisons of N2O emissions, NO3− leaching, plant N uptake, and plant yields, respectively) to evaluate the effects of additives on N losses and uptake from excreta patches. Our results showed that compared with urine patches without additives, pyrazole derivatives (a NI), N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT, a UI), and biochar did not affect N2O emissions, whereas dicyandiamide (DCD, a NI) and a combination of NBPT and DCD (NBPT + DCD) significantly reduced emissions by 51% and 48%, respectively. DCD and NBPT + DCD also significantly reduced NO3− leaching (46% and 42%, respectively), and increased plant N uptake (14% and 15%, respectively) and plant yields (7% and 12%, respectively). Our findings suggest that the application of DCD was effective in decreasing N losses and increasing N utilization from urine patches, but NBPT + DCD would be a better option, in order to avoid the potential increases in ammonia emissions following DCD application. However, the potential adverse impacts and economic viability of using the inhibitors should be evaluated fully before their large-scale application.