DEVELOPMENTAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MALE AND FEMALE FLOWERS IN THE DIOECIOUS PLANT SILENE LATIFOLIA
DEVELOPMENTAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MALE AND FEMALE FLOWERS IN THE DIOECIOUS PLANT SILENE LATIFOLIA
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1365-313x.1994.6040471.x
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发表时间：
1994-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
SAEDLER, H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
GRANT, S;HUNKIRCHEN, B;SAEDLER, H
为了确定雌雄异体被子植物 Silene latifolia 雄花和雌花之间最早可见的差异，使用扫描电子显微镜和薄片分析比较了雄花和雌花植物的花发育的早期阶段。为了简化比较，将发育分为从花分生组织出现到减数分裂结束的定义阶段。两性以类似于雌雄同体花的发育的共同方式开始花的发育。第一个性别特异性差异出现在第五阶段，此时雄蕊原基出现在两性的花中。雄花中雄蕊原基出现后花分生组织中心留下的未分化空间要小得多。随后，在第六阶段出现的雄性雌蕊原基形成为未分化的杆，其外观与同一阶段雌性和雌雄同体花中形成的五个心皮原基有很大不同。雌花继续类似于雌雄同体，直到第七阶段结束，此时花药与花丝可区分，雄蕊发育停止。与雄花的未发育雌蕊在整个花发育过程中持续生长不同，雌花的停滞雄蕊随着雌蕊成熟而退化。残余器官停滞时间的差异支持了遗传证据，即导致雄花中雌蕊发育受到抑制的发育程序独立于雌花中雄蕊发育停滞的程序。
In order to identify the earliest visible differences between male and female flowers of the dioecious angiosperm Silene latifolia, the early stages of floral development were compared between male and female plants using scanning electron microscopy and thin section analysis. To simplify the comparison, the development was divided into defined stages from the appearance of the floral meristem to the end of meiosis. Both sexes begin flower development in a common manner resembling the development of hermaphroditic flowers. The first gender-specific differences are seen at stage 5, when the stamen primordia appear in flowers of both sexes. The undifferentiated space left in the center of the floral meristem after the stamen primordia emerge is much smaller in male flowers. Subsequently, the male gynoecium primordium that emerges there at stage 6 forms as an undifferentiated rod much different in appearance from the five carpel primordia formed in female and hermaphroditic flowers at the same stage. Female flowers continue to resemble hermaphrodites until the end of stage 7, when stamen development is arrested after the anthers become distinguishable from the filaments. In contrast to the rudimentary gynoecia of male flowers, which continue to grow throughout flower development, the arrested stamens of female flowers degenerate as the gynoecium matures. Differences in the timing of residual organ arrest support genetic evidence that the developmental program leading to suppression of gynoecium development in male flowers is independent of the program that arrests stamen development in female flowers.