Optimizing forage yield of durum wheat ⁄field bean intercropping through N fertilization and row ratio
Optimizing forage yield of durum wheat ⁄field bean intercropping through N fertilization and row ratio
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2494.2011.00839.x
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发表时间：
2012-06
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
M. Mariotti;A. Masoni;L. Ercoli;I. Arduini
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Mariotti;A. Masoni;L. Ercoli;I. Arduini
间作（IC）谷物和豆类可能是一种选择，以获得适合青贮饲料，使减少氮肥。在意大利中部用硬粒小麦（Triticum durum Desf.）和蚕豆（Vicia faba L.）变种小型），种植用于IC的饲料生产，并作为单一作物（SC），具有不同的氮量（20和50 kg ha）1）和行比（1：1和2：1谷物/豆类）。目的是评估（i）IC是否是减少氮肥的可行选择;（ii）获得适合青贮饲料的最佳实践组合;以及（iii）田间菜豆对硬粒小麦的竞争/促进效应。结果表明，IC允许肥料氮减少，导致更好的品质，提高牧草产量，与SC相比。土地当量比表明，IC的高效率，高达26%，相对于SC。蚕豆是IC的优势种，但氮肥降低了其竞争力，提高了小麦。在施用50 kg N ha）1的间作中，小麦在牧草中的比例（占总干物质的0AE 34 - 0AE 41）足以使饲料质量青贮。菜豆对谷类作物既有竞争效应又有促进效应。硬粒小麦对氮素的吸收量在IC加豆类处理下大于小麦SC处理。
Intercropping (IC) cereals and legumes could be an option for obtaining forage suitable for ensiling and enabling reduced N fertilization. Two experiments were performed in central Italy with durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) and field bean (Vicia faba L. var. minor) grown for forage production in IC and as sole crops (SC) with different N rates (20 and 50 kg ha )1 ) and row ratios (1:1 and 2:1 cereal ⁄legume). The aims were to assess (i) whether IC is a feasible option to reduce N fertilization; (ii) the best combination of practices to obtain forage suitable for ensiling; and (iii) competition ⁄facilitation effects exerted by field bean on durum wheat. Results showed IC allowed fertilizer-N reduction and led to improved forage yield with better quality, compared with SC. Land equivalent ratio indicated a high efficiency of the IC, by up to 26% with respect to SC. Field bean was the dominant species of IC, but N fertilization reduced its competitive ability and enhanced that of wheat. In the intercrop fertilized with 50 kg N ha )1 , the proportion of the wheat in the herbage (0AE34‐0AE41 of the total dry matter) was sufficient for ensiling of the forage mass. Field bean exerted both competition and facilitation effects on the cereal. N uptake of durum wheat was greater under IC with beans than as wheat SC.