The rebuilding of an isolated rain forestassemblage: how disharmonicis the flora of Krakatau?
The rebuilding of an isolated rain forestassemblage: how disharmonicis the flora of Krakatau?
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重建一个孤立的雨林组合：喀拉喀托的植物群是如何不和谐的？
DOI：
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发表时间：
1997
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
T. Partomihardjo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Whittaker;S. Jones;T. Partomihardjo
对印度尼西亚喀拉喀托群岛植物区系的组成平衡进行了检查，以确定与巽他海峡（乌戎库隆和塞贝西岛）的区域类似物和潜在来源区相比，在这个正在恢复的岛屿生态系统中代表性不足的分类和/或生态群体。解释受到比较数据有限、扩散分类的不确定性、确定缺失元素的栖息地适宜性的问题以及正式统计方法的不适用性的限制。扩散综合症的分析支持了这样的预测：具有大型、有翅、随风散布的繁殖体的物种，或没有特定扩散潜力的物种，采样不足。然而，一些带有翅膀的繁殖体的物种已经定居，在大多数情况下可能是通过海洋传播（海洋传播）。尽管动物传播的（动物散布的）树木和灌木在喀拉喀托岛上有很好的代表性，但那些主要依靠鸟类以外的动物传播的大种子物种的代表性不足。大种子动物可能高度依赖两种杜库拉（大型果鸽）运输到喀拉喀托，而且它们的殖民速度相对较慢。与圣诞节岛和贾拉克岛进行比较，得出海生、兽生、风生（风分散）种子植物和蕨类植物的不同程度的重叠，可以根据各自物种库的分散性和大小来解释。可以确定在喀拉喀托岛似乎采样不足的特定科和属，以及与主要比较地点（西爪哇乌戎库隆半岛）相关的一些科和属。后者大多是种子很小的风散附生草本植物（尤其是兰花）。蕨类植物在西爪哇源池中也有很好的代表。结论是，喀拉喀托的植物群仍然以可预测的方式不和谐，尽管这种情况肯定正在变得不那么和谐。这些数据为雨林植物的特定功能群跨越重大障碍分散的能力提供了经验证据：这些发现的影响与当前对热带森林破碎化的担忧有关。
The compositional balance of the flora of the Krakatau Islands, Indonesia, is examined in order to identify taxonomic and/or ecological groups which are under-represented in this recovering island ecosystem in relation to regional analogues and potential source areas in the Sunda Strait (Ujung Kulon and Sebesi Island). Interpretations are conditioned by the limited availability of comparative data, the uncertainty surrounding dispersal classifications, the problem of determining habitat suitability for missing elements, and thus the unsuitability of a formal statistical approach. Analysis by dispersal syndrome supports predictions that species with large, winged, wind-scattered propagules, or those with no particular dispersal potential, are under-sampled. However, some species with winged propagules have colonized, in most cases probably by thalassochory (sea-dispersal). Although zoochorous (animal-dispersed) trees and shrubs are well represented on Krakatau, those large-seeded species which are primarily dependent on dispersal by animals other than birds are under-represented. Large-seeded zoochores are probably highly dependent on two species of Ducula (large fruit-pigeons) for transport to Krakatau and their colonization has been relatively slow. Comparison with Christmas and Jarak Islands yields differing degrees of overlap for thalassochorous, zoochorous, and anemochorous (wind-dispersed) spermatophytes and for pteridophytes, interpretable in terms of dispersability and size of the respective species pools. Particular families and genera can be identified which are seemingly under-sampled on Krakatau, as can some which are over-represented in relation to the principal comparative site, the Ujung Kulon peninsular, West Java. The latter are mostly very small-seeded wind-dispersed epiphytic herbs (especially orchids). Ferns are also very well represented in relation to the West Javan source pool. It is concluded that the flora of Krakatau remains disharmonic, in a predictable fashion, although it is certainly becoming less so. The data provide empirical evidence for the abilities of particular functional guilds of rain forest plants to disperse across significant barriers: the implications of these findings are discussed in relation to current concerns with forest fragmentation in the tropics.