Varicella-zoster virus: molecular controls of cell fusion-dependent pathogenesis.
Varicella-zoster virus: molecular controls of cell fusion-dependent pathogenesis.
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DOI：
10.1042/bst20190511
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发表时间：
2020-12-18
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Arvin AM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Oliver SL;Zhou M;Arvin AM
水痘-带状疱疹病毒是水痘(水痘)和带状疱疹(带状疱疹)的病原体。虽然被认为是良性疾病，水痘和带状疱疹都能引起并发症。带状疱疹是痛苦的，可导致疱疹后神经痛。VZV还与中风有关，在某些情况下与巨细胞动脉炎有关。疫苗是可用的，但在免疫功能低下的个体中不推荐使用减毒疫苗，基于糖蛋白E （gE）的亚单位疫苗预防水痘的效果尚未得到评估。VZV病理的一个标志是形成多核细胞称为皮肤病变的多核细胞。这种细胞-细胞融合（简称细胞融合）是由VZV糖蛋白gB、gH和gL介导的，它们构成了VZV的融合复合体，也是病毒粒子进入所必需的。在VZV感染和细胞表面运输过程中，gB、gH和gL的表达促进了细胞融合。最近的证据支持这一概念，即细胞过程需要调节由gB/ gH-gL诱导的细胞融合。无论是gB还是gH的羧基结构域的突变都对融合调控有深远的影响，并极大地限制了VZV在人体皮肤中的复制能力。这种调控的缺失改变了VZV感染细胞的转录组。此外，细胞蛋白对gB/ gh - gl介导的细胞融合和VZV复制有显著的调控作用，如细胞磷酸酶钙调磷酸酶。本文综述了目前关于VZV引起的细胞融合依赖发病机制的分子控制的最新知识。
Varicella–zoster virus (VZV) is the causative agent of chicken pox (varicella) and shingles (zoster). Although considered benign diseases, both varicella and zoster can cause complications. Zoster is painful and can lead to post herpetic neuralgia. VZV has also been linked to stroke, related to giant cell arteritis in some cases. Vaccines are available but the attenuated vaccine is not recommended in immunocompromised individuals and the efficacy of the glycoprotein E (gE) based subunit vaccine has not been evaluated for the prevention of varicella. A hallmark of VZV pathology is the formation of multinucleated cells termed polykaryocytes in skin lesions. This cell–cell fusion (abbreviated as cell fusion) is mediated by the VZV glycoproteins gB, gH and gL, which constitute the fusion complex of VZV, also needed for virion entry. Expression of gB, gH and gL during VZV infection and trafficking to the cell surface enables cell fusion. Recent evidence supports the concept that cellular processes are required for regulating cell fusion induced by gB/gH–gL. Mutations within the carboxyl domains of either gB or gH have profound effects on fusion regulation and dramatically restrict the ability of VZV to replicate in human skin. This loss of regulation modifies the transcriptome of VZV infected cells. Furthermore, cellular proteins have significant effects on the regulation of gB/gH–gL-mediated cell fusion and the replication of VZV, exemplified by the cellular phosphatase, calcineurin. This review provides the current state-of-the-art knowledge about the molecular controls of cell fusion-dependent pathogenesis caused by VZV.
影响因子：
6.7
作者：
Zhou M;Kamarshi V;Arvin AM;Oliver SL
通讯作者：
Oliver SL