Trust in Autonomous Cars: Exploring the Role of Shared Moral Values, Reasoning, and Emotion in Safety-Critical Decisions
Trust in Autonomous Cars: Exploring the Role of Shared Moral Values, Reasoning, and Emotion in Safety-Critical Decisions
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DOI：
10.1177/0018720820933041
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发表时间：
2020-07
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Ryosuke Yokoi;K. Nakayachi
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文献类型：
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作者：
Ryosuke Yokoi;K. Nakayachi
目的人工智能控制的自动汽车（AC）有望在不久的将来在交通运输中发挥重要作用。本研究探讨了影响AC信任的因素。背景对AC的信任影响不同的变量，包括采用AC技术的意图。一些关于风险认知的研究已经证实，共同价值决定了对风险管理者的信任。先前的研究已经证实了价值相似性对人工智能中信任的影响。我们专注于道德信仰，特别是功利主义（信仰促进更大的利益）和道义论（信仰谴责故意伤害），并测试了共同的道德信仰对AC信任的影响。方法我们进行了三个实验（N = 128，71和196，每个），采用类似于著名的电车问题的思维实验。我们操纵共享的道德信念（共享与非共享）和驱动因素（AC与人类），为参与者提供不同的道德困境场景。通过问卷调查来测量对AC的信任。结果实验一的结果表明，共同的功利信念对大学生的信任有显著的影响。然而，在实验2和实验3中，我们没有发现统计证据表明，共享的义务论信念对AC的信任有影响。结论三个实验的结果表明，共享的道德信念对信任的影响取决于AC与人类共享的价值观。为了促进AC的实施，政策制定者和开发者需要了解AC和人类之间共享哪些价值观，以增强对AC的信任。
Objective Autonomous cars (ACs) controlled by artificial intelligence are expected to play a significant role in transportation in the near future. This study investigated determinants of trust in ACs. Background Trust in ACs influences different variables, including the intention to adopt AC technology. Several studies on risk perception have verified that shared value determines trust in risk managers. Previous research has confirmed the effect of value similarity on trust in artificial intelligence. We focused on moral beliefs, specifically utilitarianism (belief in promoting a greater good) and deontology (belief in condemning deliberate harm), and tested the effects of shared moral beliefs on trust in ACs. Method We conducted three experiments (N = 128, 71, and 196, for each), adopting a thought experiment similar to the well-known trolley problem. We manipulated shared moral beliefs (shared vs. unshared) and driver (AC vs. human), providing participants with different moral dilemma scenarios. Trust in ACs was measured through a questionnaire. Results The results of Experiment 1 showed that shared utilitarian belief strongly influenced trust in ACs. In Experiment 2 and Experiment 3, however, we did not find statistical evidence that shared deontological belief had an effect on trust in ACs. Conclusion The results of the three experiments suggest that the effect of shared moral beliefs on trust varies depending on the values that ACs share with humans. Application To promote AC implementation, policymakers and developers need to understand which values are shared between ACs and humans to enhance trust in ACs.