Journalism and Globalization
Journalism and Globalization
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新闻与全球化
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发表时间：
2010
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通讯作者：
Stephen D. Reese
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作者：
Stephen D. Reese
像所有其他社会实践一样，新闻业现在不能完全脱离全球化来理解。作为一个更大的传播媒体平台的一部分，新闻有助于这种世界作为一个地方的体验，因此代表了这些社会变革的关键组成部分，无论是作为原因还是结果。新闻学和全球化交叉的这些问题定义了一个重要且不断发展的研究领域，特别是关于公共领域和政治话语空间的研究。在这篇文章中，我通过在一个更广泛的跨学科视角中考虑传播领域对“媒体全球化”的方法，将全球化社会学与地理学和社会人类学相结合，来回顾新闻与全球化的交集。通过将重点放在社会实践、精英和特定的地理空间上，我介绍了一种不那么以媒体为中心的媒体全球化方法，以及新闻业如何融入这一过程。在“地球村新闻”之外，这一视角捕捉到了全球化给新闻业带来的变化。像所有其他社会实践一样，新闻业现在不能完全脱离全球化来理解。这个过程指的是社会联系的加强，这使得我们能够将世界理解为一个单一的地方，对我们自己的地方及其在世界经验范围内的相对位置有更大的认识。作为更大的传播媒体平台的一部分，新闻对这种经历做出了贡献，因此代表了这些社会变革的关键组成部分，无论是作为原因还是结果。新闻学和全球化交叉的这些问题定义了一个重要且不断发展的研究领域，特别是关于公共领域和政治话语空间的研究。对全球化的研究已经成为一个时髦的增长型产业，吸引了众多跨学科的学者。与此同时，新闻学本身已经成为媒体研究中的一个重要学科，越来越多的项目采取国际视角（Reese 2009回顾）。将这两个领域结合起来会产生一个复杂的主题，需要仔细整理，以超越术语和简单的逐个国家的案例研究。从全球化研究的角度来看，媒体的角色往往看起来像是一个事后的想法，一个社会变革的残余类别，或者是全球化时代的一个不言而喻的象征——例如CNN。的确，与关注金融和娱乐流动相比，全球化研究在考虑新闻业不断变化的角色方面一直比较缓慢。考虑到经济和文化全球化比政治全球化走得更远，新闻业一直与民主结构紧密相连，其中许多民主结构本质上植根于当地社区，这或许是意料之中的。另一方面，传播研究的媒介中心主义可能会在全球化进程中给予媒体以及与之相关的新闻业过多的信任，将某些媒体视为全球联系的主要驱动力和适当的研究对象。全球联系支持新形式的新闻，这在社会制度中创造了具有政治意义的新空间，导致社会变革，并为某些形式提供特权
Like every other social practice, journalism cannot now fully be understood apart from globalization. As part of a larger platform of communication media, journalism contributes to this experience of the world-as-a-single-place and thus represents a key component in these social transformations, both as cause and outcome. These issues at the intersection of journalism and globalization define an important and growing field of research, particularly concerning the public sphere and spaces for political discourse. In this essay, I review this intersection of journalism and globalization by considering the communication field’s approach to ‘media globalization’ within a broader interdisciplinary perspective that mixes the sociology of globalization with aspects of geography and social anthropology. By placing the emphasis on social practices, elites, and specific geographical spaces, I introduce a less media-centric approach to media globalization and how journalism fits into the process. Beyond ‘global village journalism,’ this perspective captures the changes globalization has brought to journalism. Like every other social practice, journalism cannot now fully be understood apart from globalization. This process refers to the intensification of social interconnections, which allows apprehending the world as a single place, creating a greater awareness of our own place and its relative location within the range of world experience. As part of a larger platform of communication media, journalism contributes to this experience and thus represents a key component in these social transformations, both as cause and outcome. These issues at the intersection of journalism and globalization define an important and growing field of research, particularly concerning the public sphere and spaces for political discourse. The study of globalization has become a fashionable growth industry, attracting an interdisciplinary assortment of scholars. Journalism, meanwhile, itself has become an important subject in its own right within media studies, with a growing number of projects taking an international perspective (reviewed in Reese 2009). Combining the two areas yields a complex subject that requires some careful sorting out to get beyond the jargon and the easy country‐by-country case studies. From the globalization studies side, the media role often seems like an afterthought, a residual category of social change, or a self-evident symbol of the global era‐CNN, for example. Indeed, globalization research has been slower to consider the changing role of journalism, compared to the attention devoted to financial and entertainment flows. That may be expected, given that economic and cultural globalization is further along than that of politics, and journalism has always been closely tied to democratic structures, many of which are inherently rooted in local communities. The media-centrism of communication research, on the other hand, may give the media—and the journalism associated with them—too much credit in the globalization process, treating certain media as the primary driver of global connections and the proper object of study. Global connections support new forms of journalism, which create politically significant new spaces within social systems, lead to social change, and privilege certain forms