Preparation to Inhibit a Response Complements Response Inhibition during Performance of a Stop-Signal Task
Preparation to Inhibit a Response Complements Response Inhibition during Performance of a Stop-Signal Task
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DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.3645-09.2009
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发表时间：
2009-12-16
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Konishi, Seiki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chikazoe, Junichi;Jimura, Koji;Konishi, Seiki
抑制不适当的反应是一种必要的执行功能，需要适应不断变化的环境。在停止信号任务中，通常用于研究反应抑制，当受试者准备在突然给出的“停止”信号下停止时，他们会做出“去”的反应。然而，在反应抑制之前进行的准备过程很少被研究，并且仍然不清楚准备如何有助于反应抑制。在本研究中，一个停止信号任务的设计，使程度的准备可以估计使用行为和神经影像学措施。具体而言，除了需要准备停止的常规进行试验（“不确定进行”试验）之外，还引入了另一种类型的进行试验，其中从未给出停止信号并且这种准备是不必要的（“确定进行”试验）。然后通过从不确定性试验中减去确定性试验中的反应时间来计算反映“准备成本”的指数。结果表明，终止信号反应时间，一个常用的指标，用于评价反应抑制的效率，随着制备成本的增加，减少，表明更大的制备支持更有效的抑制。此外，成像数据显示，反应抑制招募额顶叶区域（对比“停止与不确定去”）和准备招募大部分抑制相关的额顶叶区域（对比“不确定去与确定去”）。随着制备成本的增加，抑制活性降低。这些行为和成像的结果表明，准备作出了补充贡献，在执行停止信号任务的反应抑制。
Inhibition of inappropriate responses is an essential executive function needed for adaptation to changing environments. In stop-signal tasks, which are often used to investigate response inhibition, subjects make "go" responses while they prepare to stop at a suddenly given "stop" signal. However, the preparatory processes ongoing before response inhibition have rarely been investigated, and it remains unclear how the preparation contributes to response inhibition. In the present study, a stop-signal task was designed so that the extent of the preparation could be estimated using behavioral and neuroimaging measures. Specifically, in addition to the conventional go trials where preparation to stop was required ("uncertain-go" trials), another type of go trial was introduced where a stop-signal was never given and such preparation was unnecessary ("certain-go" trials). An index reflecting the "preparation cost" was then calculated by subtracting the reaction times in the certain-go trials from those in the uncertain-go trials. It was revealed that the stop signal reaction time, a common index used to evaluate the efficiency of response inhibition, decreased as the preparation cost increased, indicating greater preparation supports more efficient inhibition. In addition, imaging data showed that response inhibition recruited frontoparietal regions (the contrast "stop vs uncertain-go") and that preparation recruited most of the inhibition-related frontoparietal regions (the contrast "uncertain-go vs certain-go"). It was also revealed that the inhibition-related activity declined as the preparation cost increased. These behavioral and imaging results suggest preparation makes a complementary contribution to response inhibition during performance of a stop-signal task.