Salience of multimodal flower cues manipulates initial responses and facilitates learning performance of bumblebees
Salience of multimodal flower cues manipulates initial responses and facilitates learning performance of bumblebees
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DOI：
10.1007/s00265-013-1570-1
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发表时间：
2013-10-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Junker, Robert R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Katzenberger, Tim D.;Lunau, Klaus;Junker, Robert R.
视觉和嗅觉线索是花和它们的访客之间的第一个界面，并且是促进成功授粉的适应。最初的反应和联想学习的多模态线索花游客的颜色和挥发物的感知的基础上。在这项研究中，我们测试了视觉，嗅觉和多模态刺激如何影响大黄蜂（熊蜂）的行为，并将28种刺激与昆虫的感官设备与这些行为相关。最初的反应和联想学习记录使用无线电频率识别系统，跟踪访问序列的个别熊蜂与天然存在的色素和/或挥发物处理的人造花。的显着性的刺激进行了评价，作为颜色对比度的背景和作为electroantennogram响应。主要发现是，初始反应和学习成绩呈正相关的刺激的显着性，这表明显着性是一个关键特征的花线索与昆虫的相互作用。由两种或两种以上的色素和/或挥发物组成的复合刺激物的显着性在很大程度上是由单个化合物的显着性相加确定的。潜在地，刺激的效价可能会干扰显著性和行为之间的正相关关系，这也被我们的结果所表明。多模态线索的显着性取决于视觉和嗅觉受体的物种特异性设备，从而使花为一些人做广告，但对其他花游客来说却不显眼。
Visual and olfactory cues are the first interface between flowers and their visitors and are adaptations to facilitate successful pollination. Initial responses to and associative learning of multimodal cues by flower visitors are based on the perception of colours and volatiles. In this study, we tested how visual, olfactory and multimodal stimuli affect the behaviour of bumblebees (Bombus terrestris) and correlated the properties of 28 stimuli in relation to the insects' sensory equipment to these behaviours. Initial responses and associative learning were recorded using a radio frequency identification system, tracking the visitation sequences of individual bumblebees to artificial flowers treated with naturally occurring pigments and/or volatiles. The salience of the stimuli was evaluated as the colour contrast to the background and as electroantennogram responses. The main finding was that both initial responses and learning performance were positively correlated to the salience of the stimuli, suggesting that salience is a key feature of flower cues in the interactions with insects. The salience of compound stimuli consisting of two or more pigments and/or volatiles was largely additively determined by the saliences of individual compounds. Potentially, the valence of the stimuli may interfere with the positive relationship between salience and behaviour, which is indicated by our results, too. The salience of multimodal cues depends on the species-specific equipment of visual and olfactory receptors and thus enables flowers to be advertising for some but rather inconspicuous for other flower visitors.