Blueprint for schistosomiasis vaccine development
Blueprint for schistosomiasis vaccine development
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DOI：
10.1016/s0001-706x(02)00048-7
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发表时间：
2002-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Olds, R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bergquist, R;Al-Sherbiny, M;Olds, R
许多不同的血吸虫抗原能够部分保护实验动物免受攻击感染。已经鉴定了超过100种这样的抗原，约15%，其中具有很强的保护性，被认为是有希望的，尽管它们没有达到接近用辐照尾蚴接种后观察到的无菌免疫的水平。对生活在血吸虫病流行地区的个体的人类相关反应，即对血吸虫病抗原的血清学反应和细胞因子反应的研究表明，某些抗原特异性免疫反应与随着时间的推移缺乏再感染之间存在关联。这种方法在巴西和埃及得到应用，在这两个国家，可以对流行病流行地区的人群进行流行病学随访，并将感染状态与针对一组经过充分研究的高度纯化的候选疫苗的免疫反应联系起来。所发现的免疫相关性对每种抗原都是独特的，可以是阳性或阴性，即与耐药性或对再感染的敏感性相关。然而，很少有抗原在这方面是明确的。也就是说，其中大多数引起了模棱两可的反应。例如，当测量抗原驱动的干扰素（INF）-γ产生时，单一抗原可能具有显著的正相关性，但也显示出相对于诱导的IgGI滴度的显著负相关性。这些观察结果表明，存在理想的抗原特异性免疫应答，这在疫苗中是有价值的，但它们也表明存在必须避免的应答。所获得的见解不仅对抗原选择有用，而且对人体I/II期试验之前的疫苗制剂也有用。如果类似的独立，将具有很大的价值。在日本血吸虫流行区也可进行长期的人类相关性研究。(C)2002 Elsevier Science B. V.保留所有权利。
A number of different schistosome antigens are capable of partially protecting experimental animals from challenge infection. More than 100 such antigens have been identified, about 15%, of which are strongly protective and deemed promising though they do not reach the level close to sterile immunity seen after vaccination with irradiated cercariae. Studies of human correlate reactions, i.e, serological reactions and cytokine responses to schistosomiasis antigens, in individuals living in areas endemic for schistosomiasis have shown associations between certain antigen-specific immune responses and lack of re-infection over time. This approach was applied in Brazil and Egypt where it was possible to epidemiologically follow cohorts of individuals in endemic areas for extended periods of time correlating infection status with immune responses against a panel of well-researched, highly purified vaccine candidates. The immune correlates found were unique to each antigen and could be either positive or negative, i.e. associated with resistance or with susceptibility to re-infection. However, few antigens were clear-cut in this respect. i.e. the majority of them induced ambiguous responses. For example, a single antigen might have a significant positive correlation when antigen-driven interferon (INF)-gamma production is measured but also show a significant negative correlation with respect to the IgGI titre induced. These observations suggest that there are desirable, antigen-specific immune responses that would be valuable in a vaccine but they also indicate that there are responses that must be avoided. The insights gained should be useful not only for antigen selection but also for vaccine formulation prior to Phase I/II trials in humans. It would be of great value if similar independent. long-term human correlate studies could also be undertaken in areas endemic for Schistosoma japonicum. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.