Survival of fossils under extreme shocks induced by hypervelocity impacts.
Survival of fossils under extreme shocks induced by hypervelocity impacts.
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DOI：
10.1098/rsta.2013.0190
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发表时间：
2014-08-28
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Yolland LJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Burchell MJ;McDermott KH;Price MC;Yolland LJ
实验数据示出的生存经历冲击在GPa范围内的藻化硅藻。这些结果是从超高速撞击实验中获得的，该实验将冻结在冰中的硅藻发射到水目标中。射击结束后，从目标水中回收的材料被检查是否有硅藻化石。共发射了9次，速度从0.388到5.34 km s-1，对应的平均峰值压力为0.2-19 GPa。在所有情况下，碎片化的硅藻被回收，但平均值和最大碎片尺寸都随着冲击速度的增加而减小，因此峰值压力也随之减小。在撞击后发现了完整的硅藻的例子，即使是在一些更高速度的镜头中，但它们的频率和大小在更高的速度下显着下降。这是第一次证明化石能够在超高速撞击中存活下来并从抛射体转移到目标，这意味着，正如其他作者所指出的那样，来自太空的巨大撞击从地球喷出的陆地岩石然后撞击月球，可能会成功地将陆地化石转移到月球。
Experimental data are shown for survival of fossilized diatoms undergoing shocks in the GPa range. The results were obtained from hypervelocity impact experiments which fired fossilized diatoms frozen in ice into water targets. After the shots, the material recovered from the target water was inspected for diatom fossils. Nine shots were carried out, at speeds from 0.388 to 5.34 km s−1, corresponding to mean peak pressures of 0.2–19 GPa. In all cases, fragmented fossilized diatoms were recovered, but both the mean and the maximum fragment size decreased with increasing impact speed and hence peak pressure. Examples of intact diatoms were found after the impacts, even in some of the higher speed shots, but their frequency and size decreased significantly at the higher speeds. This is the first demonstration that fossils can survive and be transferred from projectile to target in hypervelocity impacts, implying that it is possible that, as suggested by other authors, terrestrial rocks ejected from the Earth by giant impacts from space, and which then strike the Moon, may successfully transfer terrestrial fossils to the Moon.
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