Gender and emotion: Beyond stereotypes
Gender and emotion: Beyond stereotypes
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DOI：
10.1111/0022-4537.00022
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发表时间：
1997-06-01
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Brody, LR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brody, LR
关于性别和情感表达的陈规定型观念往往是不准确和误导的。他们没有认识到男性和女性的情感表达在情境、个体和文化上的差异。他们还倾向于概括情绪强度和频率，以及不同的情绪表达方式，例如言语与行为方式。此外，他们往往夸大了情感表达方面的性别差异。我认为，当情感表达的性别差异确实发生时，它们可以追溯到社会过程，如不同的性别角色，地位和权力的不平衡，以及男性和女性不同的社会化历史。这些过程可能使某些男性和女性在某些文化和某些背景下表现出不同的情绪。为了支持这一论点，我提出了两项研究的数据，一项研究表明，父亲花在孩子身上的时间与他们的孩子的情感表达的性别刻板印象的性质;和其他显示，情感表达的性别差异是文化特定的亚洲国际，亚裔美国人和欧美大学生的样本。最后，我注意到，刻板印象对男性和女性的人际交往功能以及他们的身心健康造成了潜在的破坏性限制。
Stereotypes about gender and emotional expression tend to be imprecise and misleading. They fail to acknowledge situational, individual, and cultural variations in males' and females' emotional expressiveness. They also tend to generalize across emotional intensity and frequency, as well as across different modalities of emotional expression, e.g. verbal vs, behavioral modalities. Moreover they tend to exaggerate the extent of gender differences in emotional expression. I argue that when gender differences in emotional expression do occur they can be traced to social processes such as dissimilar gender roles, status and power imbalances, and differing socialization histories of males and females. These processes may predispose some males and females to express emotions differently in some cultures and in some contexts. To support this argument, I present data from two studies, one showing that the amount of time fathers spend with their children relates to the gender stereotypic nature of their children's emotional expressiveness; and the other showing that gender differences in emotional expressiveness are culturally specific in a sample of Asian international, Asian-American, and European-American college students. Finally I note the potentially destructive limitations imposed by stereotypes on males' and females' interpersonal functioning as well as on their mental and physical health.