Unfamiliar environments impair information processing as measured by behavioral and cardiac orienting responses to auditory stimuli in preweanling and adult rats.
Unfamiliar environments impair information processing as measured by behavioral and cardiac orienting responses to auditory stimuli in preweanling and adult rats.
复制标题
通过断奶前大鼠和成年大鼠对听觉刺激的行为和心脏定向反应来测量，不熟悉的环境会损害信息处理。
DOI：
10.1002/dev.420210508
复制
发表时间：
1988
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Campbell,BA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Richardson,R;Siegel,MA;Campbell,BA
把动物放在一个不熟悉的环境中，至少会引发两种主要的反应：(1)唤醒、恐惧或痛苦的高度状态；(2)当动物试图了解新环境时，信息处理的急剧增加。这些变化可能对动物对通常用于研究学习和记忆的外来无害刺激的反应方式产生深远的影响。例如，唤醒或恐惧的增加可能(1)使动物对刺激变化更加“关注”，从而产生更大的定向反应，或者(2)产生从定向反应到防御反应的转变。相反，在不熟悉的环境中处理新的刺激可能会使动物对额外的外部刺激的反应减弱。这些可能性是通过自主和行为测量的定向和防御反应进行实验检验的。结果表明，当动物第一次被置于不熟悉的环境中时，它们对新的听觉刺激既不会表现出定向反应，也不会表现出防御反应。随着持续暴露在测试环境中，定向反应出现，然后显示出随时间的增加幅度。这种模式的结果在断奶前和年轻的成年大鼠中都得到了。在进一步的研究和分析的基础上，我们得出结论，信息处理能力的限制是当动物第一次被置于一个不熟悉的实验室内时，定向反应失败的主要原因。
Placing animals in an unfamiliar environment triggers at least two major reactions: (1) a heightened state of arousal, fear, or distress and (2) a sharp increase in information processing as the animal attempts to learn about its new environment. These changes could have a profound effect on the way in which the animal reacts to the types of extraneous innocuous stimuli typically used to study learning and memory. For example, an increase in arousal or fear could either (1) make the animal more “attentive” to stimulus change resulting in a larger orienting response, or (2) produce a shift from orienting to defensive responding. Conversely, processing of the new stimuli present in the unfamiliar environment may make the animal less responsive to additional extrinsic stimulation. These possibilities were examined experimentally using both autonomic and behavioral measures of orienting and defensive responses. The results demonstrated that animals fail to exhibit either an orienting response or a defensive response to a novel auditory stimulus when they are first placed in an unfamiliar environment. With continued exposure to the test environment the orienting response appears and then shows a time‐dependent increase in magnitude. This pattern of results was obtained in both preweanling and young adult rats. On the basis of additional research and analysis, it was concluded that a limitation in information processing capacity was the primary reason for the failure of the orienting response to occur when an animal is first placed in an unfamiliar test chamber.