Communicating the status of volcanic activity: revising New Zealand’s volcanic alert level system
Communicating the status of volcanic activity: revising New Zealand’s volcanic alert level system
复制标题
传达火山活动状况：修订新西兰火山警报级别系统
作者：
S. Potter;G. Jolly;V. Neall;D. Johnston;B. Scott
向利益攸关方传播科学信息是有效的火山预警系统的一个关键组成部分。许多国家使用火山警报级别系统作为预警系统内的一种工具，以简单的形式传达复杂的火山信息，并据此作出应对决定。这种通信工具需要满足广泛的最终用户的要求，包括应急管理人员、航空业、媒体和公众。他们还需要被科学家谁确定的警报级别的基础上整合和解释火山观测和监测data.This本文提出了一个探索性的审查新西兰的20岁的瓦尔系统，并在全球范围内首次，描述了一个瓦尔系统的发展基础上一个强大的定性人种学方法。这包括对科学家和瓦尔最终用户的半结构化访谈、文件分析以及对科学家在三年多的时间里在多次动荡和火山爆发危机期间设置瓦尔的观察。这项研究的跨学科性质使该系统能够根据系统最终用户的直接投入进行修订，突出了在开发或修订预警系统时使用社会科学方法的好处。在这项研究中使用的方法是适用于全球范围内，并可用于开发预警系统的其他hazards.It确定，有多种可能性的基础瓦尔系统，包括现象，危害，风险和岩浆过程。修订后的瓦尔系统是基于这项研究的结果，并于2014年7月与新西兰民防和应急管理部合作实施。它被用于新西兰所有的活火山，是可以理解的，直观的，信息丰富的。完整的过程中，探索当前的瓦尔系统，修改它，并介绍给新西兰社会。
The communication of scientific information to stakeholders is a critical component of an effective Volcano Early Warning System. Volcanic Alert Level (VAL) systems are used in many countries as a tool within early warning systems to communicate complex volcanic information in a simple form, from which response decisions can be made. Such communication tools need to meet the requirements of a wide range of end-users, including emergency managers, the aviation industry, media, and the public. They also need to be usable by scientists who determine the alert levels based on integration and interpretation of volcano observations and monitoring data.This paper presents an exploratory review of New Zealand’s 20-year old VAL system, and for the first time globally, describes the development of a VAL system based on a robust qualitative ethnographic methodology. This involved semi-structured interviews of scientists and VAL end-users, document analysis, and observations of scientists over three years as they set the VAL during multiple unrest and eruption crises. The transdisciplinary nature of this research allows the system to be revised with direct input by end-users of the system, highlighting the benefits of using social science methodologies in developing or revising warning systems. The methodology utilised in this research is applicable worldwide, and could be used to develop warning systems for other hazards.It was identified that there are multiple possibilities for foundations of VAL systems, including phenomena, hazard, risk, and magmatic processes. The revised VAL system is based on the findings of this research, and was implemented in collaboration with New Zealand’s Ministry of Civil Defence and Emergency Management in July 2014. It is used for all of New Zealand’s active volcanoes, and is understandable, intuitive, and informative. The complete process of exploring a current VAL system, revising it, and introducing it to New Zealand society is described.