Performance of a BGO calorimeter with photodiode readout and with photomultiplier readout at energies up to 10 GeV
Performance of a BGO calorimeter with photodiode readout and with photomultiplier readout at energies up to 10 GeV
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DOI：
10.1016/0168-9002(85)90095-6
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发表时间：
1985-04
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
H. Dietl;J. Dobbins;E. Lorenz;G. Mageras;F. Pauss;H. Vogel;P. Lebeau;P. Massonnet;M. Vivargent;G. Czapek;A. Flückinger;D. Frei;B. Hahn;E. Hugentobler;R. Moning;U. Moser;E. Ramseyer;H. Scheidiger;C. Doré;R. Weill;H. Zeidler;P. Piroué;D. Stickland;R. Sumner;M. Steuer;P. Lecomte
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
H. Dietl;J. Dobbins;E. Lorenz;G. Mageras;F. Pauss;H. Vogel;P. Lebeau;P. Massonnet;M. Vivargent;G. Czapek;A. Flückinger;D. Frei;B. Hahn;E. Hugentobler;R. Moning;U. Moser;E. Ramseyer;H. Scheidiger;C. Doré;R. Weill;H. Zeidler;P. Piroué;D. Stickland;R. Sumner;M. Steuer;P. Lecomte
锗酸铋 (BGO) 热量计阵列由多达 12 个 30 × 30 × 200 mm3 的元件组成，已在 CERN PS 上进行了测试，其中介子和电子的动量高达 10 GeV/c 动量，而在 SIN 上测试的介子、电子和质子的动量高达 450 MeV/c。使用光电倍增管 (PM) 和光电二极管 (PD) 读数。通过停止质子、停止π介子和最小电离介子实现了100 MeV能量范围内的精确校准。利用 212 MeV 电子和 PM 读数，测量出 640 ps fwhm 的 BGO 信号时间分辨率。发现 1 GeV 以上电子的能量分辨率（PD 读数）大致恒定在 σ/E∼ 1%。在考虑簇射泄漏和局放噪声后，这与 BGO 在这些能量下可忽略不计的固有分辨率一致。对于 92 和 200 MeV 的电子，我们获得的（PM 读数）能量分辨率接近光子统计和簇射泄漏给出的理论极限。在0.5至10 GeV的能量范围内，电子/强子分离优于1:500，并且在简单的图案切割后改善至优于1:1000。电磁的能量沉积结果发现，横向和纵向（后部泄漏）的喷淋与使用 SLAC-EGS 程序进行的蒙特卡罗计算一致，达到 0.1% 的水平。
Bismuth germanate (BGO) calorimeter arrays, consisting of up to 12 elements of 30 × 30 × 200 mm3have been tested at the CERN PS with pions and electrons of up to 10 GeV/cmomentum, and at SIN with pions, electrons and protons up to 450 MeV/c. Both photomultiplier (PM) and photodiode (PD) readouts were used. Accurate calibration in the 100 MeV energy range was achieved with stopping protons, stopping pions and minimum ionizing pions. With 212 MeV electrons and PM readout, a time resolution of the BGO signal of 640 ps fwhm has been measured. The energy resolution for electrons above 1 GeV (PD readout) was found to be roughly constant atσ/E∼ 1%. This is consistent with a negligible intrinsic resolution for BGO at these energies, after taking into account shower leakage and PD noise. For electrons of 92 and 200 MeV, we obtained (PM readout) energy resolutions close to the theoretical limit given by photon statistics and shower leakage. The electron/hadron separation was better than 1:500 over the energy range of 0.5 to 10 GeV, and improved to better than 1:1000 after a simple pattern cut. The energy deposition of the e.m. showers, both laterally and longitudinally (rear leakage), was found to be in agreement at the 0.1% level with Monte Carlo calculations using the SLAC-EGS program.