Women in academe.
Women in academe.
复制标题
学术界的女性。
DOI：
10.1126/science.169.3952.1284
复制
发表时间：
1970
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
P. Graham
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
P. Graham
美国的学院和大学正在努力使自己习惯于一种被围困的心态，似乎他们现在和未来的工作都必须在这种心态下进行，这是另一轮危机--这一轮涉及”妇女问题“。“在全国的学院和大学里，妇女施加了很大的压力，希望在学术地位和晋升方面获得与男子平等的权利。在这种氛围下，许多学术管理者必须怀念美国高等教育的头两个世纪，当时女性被排除在大学校园之外。从1636年哈佛建校到1837年奥伯林开学，在这个国家，年轻女性是不可能上大学的。到了世纪中期，美国的一些大学开始招收女生，以应对在某些方面类似于今天美国高等教育的压力。压力的一个来源是意识形态上的--坚信妇女有权享有与男子同等的教育机会。从这一刺激，这是显着的，是同时废除运动，来建立一些专门为妇女设计的学院，和其他人都承认男女。但女性高等教育的主要推动力出现在19世纪下半叶，当时许多大学面临严重的经济需求，主要原因是男性入学人数减少。大学入学率的下降归因于内战、经济萧条和对大学课程的不满。大学董事会和校长将女性视为学费收入的潜在来源，
American colleges and universities, struggling to accustom themselves to the state of siege mentality in which, it seems, their present and future work must be carried out, are in for another round of crisis-this one dealing with the" woman question." In colleges and universities throughout the country, high pressure has been applied by women intent on securing rightsequal to those of men in academicposition and preferment. In this atmosphere, many academic administrators must look wistfully back to the first two centuries of higher education in the United States, when women were simply excluded from collegiate precincts. From the founding of Harvard in 1636 to the opening of Oberlin in 1837, it was not possible for a young woman to attend college in this country. By the mid-19th century, some American colleges had begun to admit women to their classes, in response to pressures similar in some respects to those affecting higher education in the United States today. One source of the pressure was ideological-the conviction that women were entitled to the same educational opportunities as men. From this stimulus, which, significantly, was contemporaneous with the abolition movement, came the establishment of certain colleges designed specifically for women, and of others which admitted both men and women. But the major impetus for women's higher education came in the second half of the 19th century, a time of dire economic need for many colleges, caused chiefly by shrinking masculine enrollments. The sag in college attendance was attributed to the Civil War, to economic depressions, and to dissatisfaction with the college curriculum. College trustees and presidents saw women as potential sources of tuition revenues that would