Is Great Andamanese genealogically and typologically distinct from Onge and Jarawa?
Is Great Andamanese genealogically and typologically distinct from Onge and Jarawa?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.langsci.2008.02.002
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发表时间：
2009-11-01
影响因子：
1.1
通讯作者：
Abbi, Anvita
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Abbi, Anvita
印度代表五个语系：印度语-雅利亚语、德拉维亚语、奥斯特罗亚语、藏缅甸语和安达曼语。几个世纪以来，安达曼部落的起源及其与东南部人口的关系一直是人们猜测的主题。遗传学家的最新研究[Thangaraj，K.等人。重建安达曼岛人的起源。科学308,996]来自三个可接近的部落中的两个，即昂日族和大安达曼族的完整线粒体DNA序列揭示了两个深分枝的分支，它们在创始人单倍群M中共享最近的共同祖先，谱系分布在印度、非洲、东亚、新几内亚和澳大利亚。语言证据表明安达曼语之间的这种分歧也早些时候被提出[参见。拉德克利夫-布朗出版社，1914；拉德克利夫-布朗出版社，A.R.，1922、1929、1948(第三版)。安达曼岛人。自由新闻，伊利诺伊州格伦科]。很久以后，阿比[阿比，A.，2003。安达曼群岛语言的声音正在消失。6月13日，在莱比锡马克斯·普朗克研究所发表的一篇论文[石油]指出，有可能建立大安达曼语(S)，形成一个不同于加拉瓦和翁格的语系。随后，作者对大安达曼语进行的大量田野调查和来自加拉瓦的最新数据进一步证实了她的判断。在考虑了大安达曼语、翁格语和加拉瓦语等安达曼群岛三种濒危语言的词汇和形态句法复杂性后，本文提供了足够的证据，证明大安达曼语是构成印度第六语系的一个孤立语系。它在谱系和语言上与Onge和Jarawa有很大的不同；(2)不同于基因的垂直传递，语言传递既可以是垂直的，也可以是水平的。在大安达曼语的情况下，水平传播大多在同一语系内；(3)遗传树保留的痕迹比语言树保留的时间长得多。其结果是，在人类历史的某个特定时间点，遗传和语言上的相似之处可能并不匹配。作者根据语言类型学和三种语言的比较词典所提供的工具得出了她的研究结果。(C)2008爱思唯尔有限公司。保留所有权利。
India represents five language families: Indo-Aryan, Dravidian, Austroasiatic, Tibeto-Burman and Andamanese. The origin of Andamanese tribes and its relationship with Southeast population have been the subject of speculation for centuries. Latest research by geneticists [Thangaraj, K. et al. Reconstructing the origin of Andaman Islanders. Science 308, 996] of complete mitochondrial DNA sequences from two out of three accessible tribes, i.e. Onges and Great Andamanese populations, revealed two deeply branching clades that share their most recent common ancestor in founder haplogroup M, with lineages spread among India, Africa, East Asia, New Guinea, and Australia.Linguistic evidence indicating such a bifurcation among the Andamanese languages had been proposed earlier as well [cf. Radcliffe-Brown, 1914; Radcliffe-Brown, A.R., 1922, 1929, 1948 (3rd print). The Andaman Islanders. Free Press, Glencoe, Illinois]. Much later, Abbi [Abbi, A., 2003. Vanishing voices of the languages of the Andaman Islands. Paper presented at the Max Planck Institute, Leipzig, June 13], oil the basis of a pilot survey of the Andamanese languages, indicated that there are possibilities of establishing Great Andamanese language(s) forming a distinct family from the one that Jarawa and Onge belong to. Subsequently, an extensive fieldwork oil the Great Andamanese language by the author and the fresh data from Jarawa further reconfirms her judgment explicated in the present paper.The present paper, after taking into account the lexicon and morpho-syntactic complexities of the three endangered languages of the Andaman Islands, such as Great Andamanese, Onge and Jarawa, provides (1) enough pieces of evidence that Great Andamanese is an isolate which constitutes the sixth language family of India. It is very different from Onge and Jarawa genealogically and linguistically; (2) unlike vertical transmission of genes, linguistic transmission call both be vertical and be horizontal. In the case of Great Andamanese, horizontal transmission had been mostly within the same language family; (3) the genetic tree retains traces for a much longer period than the linguistic tree. The result is that at a particular point of time in human history, genetic and linguistic parallels may not match. The author arrives at her results on the basis of the tools provided by the linguistic typology and the comparative lexicon of the three languages under consideration. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.