A Re-Appraisal of the Early Andean Human Remains from Lauricocha in Peru
A Re-Appraisal of the Early Andean Human Remains from Lauricocha in Peru
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0127141
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发表时间：
2015-06-10
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Haak, Wolfgang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fehren-Schmitz, Lars;Llamas, Bastien;Haak, Wolfgang
20世纪60年代，在安第斯高地中部劳里科查洞穴中发现的人类遗骸，为人类在高海拔安第斯山脉中的存在提供了第一个直接证据。该遗址发现的骨骼被归因于全新世早期至中期，代表了已知的南美洲西部最古老的人口，因此被用于研究该大陆早期人口历史的几项研究中。然而，后来在Lauricocha的挖掘导致了人们对该遗址的古代性的怀疑。在这里，我们为这个标志性的网站提供了新的测年、颅骨测量和遗传学证据。我们获得了新的放射性碳测年，生成了5个个体的完整线粒体基因组和核SNP数据，并重新分析了劳里柯查的人类遗骸，以修正20世纪60年代S进行的最初的形态和颅骨测量学分析。我们表明，劳里柯查确实在全新世早期到中期被占领，但我们从人类遗骸中获得的日期的时间分布表明，他们不符合单个同时代种群的资格。然而，其中五个人的遗传结果属于在哥伦布之前和现代中美洲原住民群体中观察到的遗传多样性范围。
The discovery of human remains from the Lauricocha cave in the Central Andean highlands in the 1960's provided the first direct evidence for human presence in the high altitude Andes. The skeletons found at this site were ascribed to the Early to Middle Holocene and represented the oldest known population of Western South America, and thus were used in several studies addressing the early population history of the continent. However, later excavations at Lauricocha led to doubts regarding the antiquity of the site. Here, we provide new dating, craniometric, and genetic evidence for this iconic site. We obtained new radiocarbon dates, generated complete mitochondrial genomes and nuclear SNP data from five individuals, and re-analyzed the human remains of Lauricocha to revise the initial morphological and craniometric analysis conducted in the 1960' s. We show that Lauricocha was indeed occupied in the Early to Middle Holocene but the temporal spread of dates we obtained from the human remains show that they do not qualify as a single contemporaneous population. However, the genetic results from five of the individuals fall within the spectrum of genetic diversity observed in pre-Columbian and modern Native Central American populations.