Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Mesenchymal Stem Cells
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DOI：
10.3727/096368910x
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发表时间：
2011-01-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Lin, Shinn-Zong
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ding, Dah-Ching;Shyu, Woei-Cherng;Lin, Shinn-Zong
干细胞有两个特点：沿不同谱系分化的能力和自我更新的能力。已经描述了两种主要类型的干细胞，即胚胎干细胞和成体干细胞。胚胎干细胞（ESC）是从囊胚的内部细胞团中获得的，与肿瘤发生有关，使用人类胚胎干细胞涉及伦理和法律方面的考虑。关于这些问题，使用成体间充质干细胞的问题较少。间充质干细胞（MSCs）是一种具有自我更新能力和多系分化能力的基质细胞。MSCs可以从多种组织中分离出来，如脐带、子宫内膜息肉、经血、骨髓、脂肪组织等。这是因为易于收获和获得数量使这些来源在实验和可能的临床应用中最实用。最近，在经血和子宫内膜等新的来源中发现了间充质干细胞。可能有更多的间充质干细胞来源等待被发现，并且间充质干细胞可能是未来实验或临床应用的良好候选者。其中一个主要的挑战是阐明MSCs的分化、动员和归巢机制，这是高度复杂的。骨髓间充质干细胞的多能性使其成为可能发展临床应用的有吸引力的选择。未来的研究应探讨间充质干细胞在各种疾病的分化、移植和免疫反应中的作用。
Stem cells have two features: the ability to differentiate along different lineages and the ability of self-renewal. Two major types of stem cells have been described, namely, embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells. Embryonic stem cells (ESC) are obtained from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst and are associated with tumorigenesis, and the use of human ESCs involves ethical and legal considerations. The use of adult mesenchymal stem cells is less problematic with regard to these issues. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are stromal cells that have the ability to self-renew and also exhibit multilineage differentiation. MSCs can be isolated from a variety of tissues, such as umbilical cord, endometrial polyps, menses blood, bone marrow, adipose tissue, etc. This is because the ease of harvest and quantity obtained make these sources most practical for experimental and possible clinical applications. Recently, MSCs have been found in new sources, such as menstrual blood and endometrium. There are likely more sources of MSCs waiting to be discovered, and MSCs may be a good candidate for future experimental or clinical applications. One of the major challenges is to elucidate the mechanisms of differentiation, mobilization, and homing of MSCs, which are highly complex. The multipotent properties of MSCs make them an attractive choice for possible development of clinical applications. Future studies should explore the role of MSCs in differentiation, transplantation, and immune response in various diseases.