Free Silver Ion as the Main Cause of Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Silver Nanoparticles to Cladocerans
Free Silver Ion as the Main Cause of Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Silver Nanoparticles to Cladocerans
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DOI：
10.1007/s00244-014-0091-x
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发表时间：
2015-04
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Masaki Sakamoto;Jin-Yong Ha;S. Yoneshima;C. Kataoka;H. Tatsuta;S. Kashiwada
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Masaki Sakamoto;Jin-Yong Ha;S. Yoneshima;C. Kataoka;H. Tatsuta;S. Kashiwada
我们研究了常见枝角类动物（大型蚤、盔状蚤和长吻博斯米纳）对银纳米颗粒（SNP）敏感性的种间差异，以及银的形式（NPs和离子）对急性和慢性毒性的确切原因。测试的材料是非表面涂覆的银纳米胶体（SNCs）和AgNO 3。急性毒性试验结果支持SNPs对水生生物的影响主要是由于SNPs释放的Ag+的理论。在3种枝角类动物中，盔枝角类动物对银（Ag+）的敏感性高于大型枝角类动物和长吻枝角类动物。此外，SNCs的慢性毒性也来自溶解的银（尤其是Ag+）。SNCs（总银浓度）表现出远低于慢性与急性毒性水蚤相比，因为溶解的银的量在猎物藻类的存在下减少。当根据Ag+浓度计算慢性终点值（净生殖率和存活至成熟概率的EC 10值）时，急性终点值（从急性毒性试验获得的48-h EC 50和通过生物配体模型估计的48-h LC 50）没有很大差异。用幂函数模型估算的α值（内禀种群增长率降至零时的浓度）是评价银慢性毒性的可靠参数。
We investigated the interspecific variation of silver nanoparticle (SNP) sensitivity in common cladocerans (Daphnia magna,D.galeata, andBosmina longirostris) and the exact cause of both acute and chronic toxicity focusing on the form of silver (NPs and ions). Materials tested were non-surface-coated silver nanocolloids (SNCs) and AgNO3. The results of the acute toxicity tests support the theory that the effects of SNPs on aquatic organisms is mainly due to Ag+released from SNPs. Among the three cladocerans,D.galeatawas more sensitive to silver (as Ag+) than bothD.magnaandB.longirostris. Moreover, the chronic toxicity of SNCs was also derived from dissolved silver (especially Ag+). SNCs (as total silver concentration) showed far lower chronic compared with acute toxicity to daphnids because the amount of dissolved silver decreased in the presence of prey algae. The chronic end-point values (EC10values for net reproductive rate and the probability of survival to maturation) did not differ largely from acute ones (48-h EC50obtained from acute toxicity tests and 48-h LC50estimated by the biotic ligand model) when the values were calculated based on Ag+concentration. Theαvalue (concentration at which intrinsic population growth rate is decreased to zero) estimated by a power function model was a reliable parameter for assessing the chronic toxicity of silver.