What should it take to describe a substance or product as sperm-safe
What should it take to describe a substance or product as sperm-safe
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DOI：
10.1093/humupd/dmt008
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发表时间：
2013-04-01
影响因子：
13.3
通讯作者：
Muller, Charles H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mortimer, David;Barratt, Christopher L. R.;Muller, Charles H.
男性生殖潜力继续受到许多环境、工业和制药毒素的不利影响。对生殖毒性（副作用）的预防性测试仍然有限，甚至不存在。许多与精子直接接触的产品缺乏足够的无不良反应测试，许多预期用于接触精子的产品仅基于缺乏实际危害证据的一般安全性假设。这些假设可能会对处于风险中的个体（例如，试图怀孕的夫妇）产生不利的不利影响，这表明显然需要适当的前期测试来确定实际的精子安全性。在编辑了综述范围内的一般领域列表后，从作者个人专业图书馆和档案中获得了相关文献和其他信息，并在必要时使用PubMed和Google搜索进行了补充。共同作者的审查确定并消除了遗漏或偏倚的错误。该审查概述了可能影响男性生育力的广泛物质、材料和产品，特别是通过精子可育性，沿着讨论了实用方法和生物测定法对其进行评估。我们的结论是，只有在进行了客观的、设计合理的实验研究之后，产品才能被声称是对精子安全的;从假定的同类产品或其他假设中推断出来的结果是不可信的。我们呼吁采取预防原则，特别是当接触一种产品不仅可能影响夫妇的生育能力，而且可能影响后代甚至后代的健康时。
Male reproductive potential continues to be adversely affected by many environmental, industrial and pharmaceutical toxins. Pre-emptive testing for reproductive toxicological (side-)effects remains limited, or even non-existent. Many products that come into direct contact with spermatozoa lack adequate testing for the absence of adverse effects, and numerous products that are intended for exposure to spermatozoa have only a general assumption of safety based on the absence of evidence of actual harm. Such assumptions can have unfortunate adverse impacts on at-risk individuals (e.g. couples who are trying to conceive), illustrating a clear need for appropriate up-front testing to establish actual sperm safety.After compiling a list of general areas within the reviews scope, relevant literature and other information was obtained from the authors personal professional libraries and archives, and supplemented as necessary using PubMed and Google searches. Review by co-authors identified and eliminated errors of omission or bias.This review provides an overview of the broad range of substances, materials and products that can affect male fertility, especially through sperm fertilizing ability, along with a discussion of practical methods and bioassays for their evaluation. It is concluded that products can only be claimed to be sperm-safe after performing objective, properly designed experimental studies; extrapolation from supposed predicate products or other assumptions cannot be trusted.We call for adopting the precautionary principle, especially when exposure to a product might affect not only a couples fertility potential but also the health of resulting offspring and perhaps future generations.