Assessment of Water, Soil Contamination and Land Cover Changes in Sims and Vince Bayou Urban Watersheds of Houston, Texas
Assessment of Water, Soil Contamination and Land Cover Changes in Sims and Vince Bayou Urban Watersheds of Houston, Texas
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DOI：
10.1016/j.wsee.2022.08.002
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发表时间：
2022-08
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Felica R. Davis;M. S. B. Bhaskar
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Felica R. Davis;M. S. B. Bhaskar
城市和郊区流域的密集城市化和工业化的增加导致植被减少和不透水面增加，从而导致土壤和水质下降。本研究的目的是调查城市化和工业化对城市流域的影响。具体目标是：1）确定沿着西姆斯河口（SB）和文斯河口（VB）土壤和水样中的营养物质和重金属浓度，2）分析每个流域过去30年的土地覆盖变化，3）评估这些流域的社会经济特征和人类健康风险。在沿着两个海湾的秋季和春季，从下游，中游和上游的位置收集了Trifecta土壤和水样品。使用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（ICP-MS）和总碳氮（TCN）分析仪分析样品以确定元素浓度。Landsat 5 TM和Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS图像被用于使用ERDAS Imagine v16.5软件绘制专题土地覆盖图。利用ESRI ArcGIS-10.8软件将元素浓度插值到空间图中进行分布分析。从SB和VB收集的水样的化学分析显示，N，P，Cu，Ni，Pb和Zn的浓度被发现在升高的水平，可以构成威胁的水生生物。在土壤样品中，铬，铜，镍，铅和锌的浓度超过了得克萨斯州的土壤背景浓度水平。在过去的三十年里，两个流域的土地覆盖变化模式相似，高植被面积减少，低植被面积显着增加。从1990年到2020年，这两个流域的总人口都有所增加，SB流域增加了27.9%，VB流域增加了9.1%。健康风险评估显示，镉，铬，镍在土壤中的风险，通过摄入6岁以下的儿童在两个海湾。这项研究对于提高我们对自然和人类活动对休斯顿流域影响的理解至关重要。
Intense urbanization and increased industrialization in urban and suburban watersheds result in the decrease of vegetation and increase in impermeable surfaces contributing to the decline of soil and water quality. The goal of this study is to investigate the impact of urbanization and industrialization on urban watersheds. The specific objectives are to, 1) determine nutrient and heavy metal concentrations in soil and water samples along Sims Bayou (SB) and Vince Bayou (VB), 2) analyze land cover changes over the last 3 decades in each watershed and 3) evaluate socio-economic characteristics and human health risks within these watersheds. Triplicate soil and water samples were collected from downstream, midstream, and upstream locations during the fall and spring seasons along both bayous. The samples were analyzed to determine elemental concentrations using inductive coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) and total carbon and nitrogen (TCN) analyzer. Landsat 5 TM and Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS images were used to derive thematic land cover maps using ERDAS Imagine v16.5 software. The elemental concentrations were interpolated to spatial maps for distribution analysis using ESRI ArcGIS-10.8 software. The chemical analysis of water samples collected from SB and VB revealed that the N, P, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn concentrations were found at elevated levels that can pose threat for aquatic organisms. Among soil samples, the concentrations of Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn exceeded the levels of soil background concentrations of Texas. Land cover change patterns were similar for both watersheds with high vegetative surfaces decreasing and low vegetative surfaces increasing significantly over the past three decades. Both watersheds experienced an increase in total population with SB watershed increasing 27.9% and VB watershed increasing 9.1% from 1990 to 2020. Health risk assessments revealed risks for Cd, Cr, and Ni in soil via ingestion for children under age 6 in both bayous. This research is critical in improving our understanding on the impact of natural and human activities on Houston watersheds.