THE PATHOGENESIS AND IMMUNOLOGY OF BLUETONGUE VIRUS-INFECTION OF RUMINANTS
THE PATHOGENESIS AND IMMUNOLOGY OF BLUETONGUE VIRUS-INFECTION OF RUMINANTS
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DOI：
10.1016/0147-9571(94)90043-4
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发表时间：
1994-08-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
MACLACHLAN, NJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
MACLACHLAN, NJ
蓝舌病（BLU）病毒通过吸血媒介蠓（库蠓属）从感染的反刍动物传播给易感的反刍动物。 牛是该病毒的重要储存宿主，因为感染通常是无症状的，并且特征在于长期的细胞相关病毒血症，并且因为至少一些种类的昆虫媒介优先以牛为食。 BLU病毒与感染牛红细胞细胞膜的相互作用可能促进病毒血症延长以及昆虫载体感染。 BLU病在绵羊和一些野生动物中最常见。 各种宿主、病原体和环境因素显然可以影响这些物种中疾病的表达。 牛和羊的BLU病毒感染的发病机制非常相似，因此，在羊而不是牛中表达疾病的基础仍然有待确定。 反刍动物在BLU病毒感染后产生了多种抗病毒反应。 针对外部衣壳蛋白VP2的抗体负责病毒中和，并赋予对BLU病毒的同源血清型的再感染的抗性。 针对BLU血清群所有病毒共有的蛋白质上的表位的抗体构成了当前诊断血清学试验的基础。 细胞介导的反应尚未完全表征，部分原因是BLU病毒在分裂的淋巴细胞内复制，病毒介导的细胞溶解抑制体外胚细胞生成。 反刍动物对BLU病毒的免疫能力在妊娠中期之前出现，并且在牛子宫内暴露后发生持续免疫耐受BLU病毒感染的建议尚未得到证实，并且与最近的研究结果不一致。
Bluetongue (BLU) virus is transmitted from infected to susceptible ruminants by hematophagous vector midges (Culicoides species). Cattle are important reservoir hosts of the virus because infection typically is asymptomatic and characterized by prolonged cell associated viremia, and because at least some species of insect vector preferentially feed on cattle. Interaction of BLU virus with the cell membrane of erythrocytes in infected cattle likely facilitates both prolonged viremia as well as infection of the insect vector. BLU disease is most common in sheep and some wildlife species. A variety of host, agent and environmental factors clearly can influence expression of disease in these species. The pathogenesis of BLU virus infection of cattle and sheep is remarkably similar, thus the basis for expression of disease in sheep but not cattle remains to be firmly established. Some difference in susceptibility of endothelial cells to infection in the two species is one potential explanation.Ruminants develop a variety of antiviral responses after BLU virus infection. Antibodies to outer capsid protein VP2 are responsible for virus neutralization, and confer resistance to reinfection with the homologous serotype of BLU virus. Antibodies to epitopes on proteins which are common to all viruses of the BLU serogroup form the basis of current diagnostic serologic tests. Cell mediated responses have been incompletely characterized, in part because BLU virus replicates within dividing lymphocytes and virus-mediated cytolysis inhibits in vitro blastogenesis. Immunological competence of ruminants to BLU virus arises prior to midgestation, and suggestions that persistent immune tolerant BLU virus infection occurs after in utero exposure of cattle have not been substantiated and are not consistent with recent findings.