EMOTION, NOVELTY, AND THE STARTLE REFLEX - HABITUATION IN HUMANS
EMOTION, NOVELTY, AND THE STARTLE REFLEX - HABITUATION IN HUMANS
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DOI：
10.1037/0735-7044.107.6.970
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发表时间：
1993-12-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
CUTHBERT, BN
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
BRADLEY, MM;LANG, PJ;CUTHBERT, BN
先前对动物和人类受试者的研究表明，相对于在中性或食欲环境中引发的反应，惊吓反射强度在厌恶刺激环境中被增强。在本实验中，同样的愉快、不愉快和中性的图片刺激被反复呈现给人类受试者。在每个刺激环境下评估惊吓反射习惯，并与心率、皮肤电反应和面部瓦楞纸肌反应的习惯模式进行比较。所有系统在试验中都表现出情感图片内容和一般习惯之间的初步分化。然而，惊吓反射在整个展示过程中继续区分愉快、中性和不愉快的图片。这些结果表明：(a)惊吓探针反射相对不受刺激新颖性的影响，(b)惊吓调节回路（在动物中被鉴定为杏仁核-网状连接）随着情感效价的变化而系统地变化，(c)与其他躯体和自主神经系统的强制性惊吓途径或反应相比，调节影响较少受到习惯化的影响。
Previous research with both animal and human subjects has shown that startle reflex magnitude is potentiated in an aversive stimulus context, relative to responses elicited in a neutral or appetitive context. In the present experiment, the same pleasant, unpleasant, and neutral picture stimuli were repeatedly presented to human subjects. Startle reflex habituation was assessed in each stimulus context and was compared with the habituation patterns of heart rate, electrodermal, and facial corrugator muscle responses. All systems showed initial differentiation among affective picture contents and general habituation over trials. The startle reflex alone, however, continued to differentiate among pleasant, neutral, and unpleasant pictures throughout the presentation series. These results suggest that (a) the startle probe reflex is relatively uninfluenced by stimulus novelty, (b) the startle modulatory circuit (identified with amygdala-reticular connections in animals) varies systematically with affective valence, and (c) the modulatory influence is less subject to habituation than is the obligatory startle pathway or responses in other somatic and autonomic systems.