Two‐step estimation in ratio‐of‐mediator‐probability weighted causal mediation analysis

Two‐step estimation in ratio‐of‐mediator‐probability weighted causal mediation analysis
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中介者概率加权因果中介分析比率的两步估计

DOI:
10.1002/sim.7581
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发表时间:
2018
影响因子:
2
通讯作者:
Yang, Cheng
Yang, Cheng
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Bein, Edward;Deutsch, Jonah;Hong, Guanglei;Porter, Kristin E.;Qin, Xu;Yang, Cheng

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这项研究在使用倾向分数加权的因果中介分析的背景下,调查了估计量变异性的适当估计。这种分析将治疗对结果的总影响分解为通过焦点调解人传递的间接影响和绕过调解人的直接影响。中介概率比加权通过基于倾向分数的加权来调整大量预处理协变量的混杂影响来估计这些因果效应。在步骤1中,估计倾向得分模型。在步骤2中,使用从前一步骤的回归系数估计得出的权重来估计感兴趣的因果效应。如果因果效应估计的估计标准误差不能反映权重估计中的抽样不确定性,则从这种两步估计过程中获得的统计推断可能会有问题。这项研究扩展到中介概率加权分析,通过叠加两个步骤的得分函数来解决两步估计问题。我们推导了间接效应和直接效应两步估计的渐近方差-协方差矩阵,给出了仿真结果,并用应用研究进行了说明。仿真结果表明,估计权值中的采样不确定度是不容忽视的。使用堆叠过程的标准误差估计提供了一种可行的替代自举标准误差估计的方法。我们讨论了这种方法对因果分析的广泛影响,包括基于倾向分数的加权。
This study investigates appropriate estimation of estimator variability in the context of causal mediation analysis that employs propensity score‐based weighting. Such an analysis decomposes the total effect of a treatment on the outcome into an indirect effect transmitted through a focal mediator and a direct effect bypassing the mediator. Ratio‐of‐mediator‐probability weighting estimates these causal effects by adjusting for the confounding impact of a large number of pretreatment covariates through propensity score‐based weighting. In step 1, a propensity score model is estimated. In step 2, the causal effects of interest are estimated using weights derived from the prior step's regression coefficient estimates. Statistical inferences obtained from this 2‐step estimation procedure are potentially problematic if the estimated standard errors of the causal effect estimates do not reflect the sampling uncertainty in the estimation of the weights. This study extends to ratio‐of‐mediator‐probability weighting analysis a solution to the 2‐step estimation problem by stacking the score functions from both steps. We derive the asymptotic variance‐covariance matrix for the indirect effect and direct effect 2‐step estimators, provide simulation results, and illustrate with an application study. Our simulation results indicate that the sampling uncertainty in the estimated weights should not be ignored. The standard error estimation using the stacking procedure offers a viable alternative to bootstrap standard error estimation. We discuss broad implications of this approach for causal analysis involving propensity score‐based weighting.
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