Plant-Microbe Mutualisms and Community Structure
Plant-Microbe Mutualisms and Community Structure
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-642-58001-7_9
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发表时间：
1994
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
D. Read
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Read
对天然植物群落中植物与真菌或细菌之间互惠关系的分析表明，这是一种常态，而不是例外。因此，例如，已知世界上90%的陆地植物属于与真菌经常发生共生关系以形成菌根的科（Trappe 1987），其中三种主要类型（泡状-丛枝型，外生型和ericoid）被认可。豆科植物的主要部分除菌根真菌外，还含有根瘤菌共生菌属的固氮细菌，而包括frankiaspp的固氮放线根菌协会。发生在一些同样是菌根的家族中（Schwintzer和Tjepkema 1990；塞万提斯和Rodriguez-Barrueco 1992）。现今广泛存在的菌根共生（Stubblefield et al. 1987）和固氮共生（Sprent and Raven 1985）早期出现的化石证据表明，自然选择强烈支持这种共生关系。事实上，陆生植物似乎是与它们的共生者共同进化的。有鉴于此，那些对决定植物群落发展和结构的因素所作的实验分析，如果忽略了共生者的存在，是极不可能提供一个现实的情况的。
Analyses of the occurrence of mutualistic associations between plants and fungi or bacteria in natural plant communities indicate that they are the norm rather than the exception. Thus, for example, 90% of the world’s land plants are known to belong to families in which mutualistic associations with fungi occur routinely to form mycorrhizas (Trappe 1987), three major types of which (vesicular-arbuscular, ecto- and ericoid) are recognised. Major sections of the Leguminosae have nitrogen-fixing bacteria of the genusRhizobiumas mutualists, in addition to mycorrhizal fungi, while N2fixing actinorhizal associations involvingFrankiaspp. occur in a number of families which are also mycorrhizal (Schwintzer and Tjepkema 1990; Cervantes and Rodriguez-Barrueco 1992). The widespread present-day occurrence, taken along with the fact that there is fossil evidence for the early appearance of both the mycorrhizal (Stubblefield et al. 1987) and nitrogen-fixing (Sprent and Raven 1985) symbioses, suggests that selection has strongly favoured such mutualisms. Indeed, it seems that terrestrial plants co-evolved with their mutualists. In view of this, it is most unlikely that those experimental analyses of the factors determining the development and structure of plant communities which ignore the presence of mutualists will provide a realistic picture.