Chemical composition of halophytes from the Neusiedler Lake region in Austria
Chemical composition of halophytes from the Neusiedler Lake region in Austria
复制标题
奥地利新锡德勒湖地区盐生植物的化学成分
DOI：
10.1007/bf00345820
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发表时间：
1977
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
M. Popp
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Roland Albert;M. Popp
本文研究了奥地利诺伊西德勒湖以东地区盐生植物的离子关系。这项研究包括以下化合物：钠、钾、镁、钙、氯、硫酸盐、磷酸盐、硝酸盐和有机酸。通常在特定的分类群中可以发现离子含量的特定模式。a)双子叶植物：在藜科和石竹科(Sperularia Media)中，典型的典型特征是钠的异常积累、对无机离子(主要是氯，较少的SO4)的大量吸收，以及经常出现的游离草酸，导致低钙浓度。粗叶独生菜表现出类似的钠优势，伴随着高水平的SO4、Cl和除草酸以外的有机阴离子(主要是柠檬酸和苹果酸)。其余双子叶植物的含盐量较适中，海藻和菊苣偏爱氯，车前积累了大量的SO4和氯。苹果酸和柠檬酸是主要的有机阴离子，无一例外。双子叶植物(特别是藜科和十字花科)的K：Na比值远低于1。b)单子叶植物：与之形成鲜明对比的是，禾本科、莎草科和灯盏花科植物普遍处于低盐状态。除极少数例外，氯作为主要的无机阴离子储存，磷酸盐的含量高于双子叶植物，在许多情况下与SO4的浓度范围几乎相同。以苹果酸和柠檬酸为主酸的有机阴离子模式与非嗜盐物种基本相同。无论如何，K：Na比都超过了单位。作为双子叶植物，三叶草是唯一表现出高含盐量和低K：Na比的单子叶植物。硝酸盐和磷酸盐的渗透效率在数量上是次要的，它们在总阴离子浓度中的mEq分别在0.03~2.6(硝酸盐)和0.5~13.6(磷酸盐)之间。结果从不同的角度进行了讨论：一方面是耐盐性的一般问题，另一方面是分类学和生态学方面的问题。鉴于酶促反应的盐敏性，有利于植物生长。然而，细胞汁液的低渗透势，因此，水分的获得是通过储存大量的糖来保证的：根据我们的数据(阿尔伯特和波普正在准备)，在耐盐碱的禾本科、莎草科和灯盏花科植物中，总糖浓度高达200mmol.L-1淡水，而在富盐的双子叶植物中，糖含量相对较低(高达50mmol.
The ionic relations in halophytes from the region east of Neusiedler Lake in Austria have been investigated. The study encompasses the following compounds: Na, K, Mg, Ca; Cl, SO4, phosphate, nitrate, and organic acids.The ionic composition varies substantially among the species investigated. Frequently a specific pattern of ion content can be found within a specific taxon.a)Dicotyledons: Extraordinary accumulation of sodium, high intake of inorganic ions (mainly Cl, less SO4), and regular occurrence of free oxalate, causing low Ca-concentrations, are typical forChenopodiaceaeandCaryophyllaceae (Spergularia media). Lepidium crassifoliumshows similar sodium preponderance accompanied by high levels of SO4, Cl, and organic anions other than oxalate (mainly citrate and malate). The remaining dicotyledons show rather moderate salt content;AsteraceaeandCichoriaceaeprefer Cl, andPlantago maritimaaccumulates high amounts of SO4as well as Cl. Malate and citrate are, without exception, the main organic anions. The K:Na ratios in dicotyledons (esp.ChenopodiaceaeandLepidium-Brassicaceae) lie far below unity.b)Monocotyledons: In marked contrast,Poaceae, Cyperaceae, andJuncaceaeare characterized by a general low salt status. With few exceptions, Cl is stored as the main inorganic anion, phosphate reaches higher levels than in dicotyledons and in many cases lies in nearly the same concentration range as SO4. The pattern of organic anions with malate and citrate as the main acids, does not basically differ from nonhalophilous species. In any case, K:Na ratio exceeds unity.Triglochin maritimumis the only monocotyle species exhibiting as high salt content and low K:Na ratios as dicotyledons.Nitrate and phosphate are of minor quantitative importance with regard to their osmotic efficiency; their mEq percentage of the total anion concentration range between 0.03 to 2.6 (NO3) and 0.5 to 13.6 (phosphate), respectively.The results are discussed from different points of view: on the one hand, the general problems of salt tolerance, on the other hand, the taxonomical and ecological aspects. beneficial to plant growth in view of salt sensitivity of enzymatic reactions. However, low osmotic potential of cell sap, and consequently, the acquisition of water is guaranteed by storing high amounts of sugars: according to our data (Albert and Popp, in preparation) total sugar concentration in halophilousPoaceae, Cyperaceae, andJuncaceaeamounts to up to 200 mmol·l-1fresh water, whereas in salt rich dicotyle species the sugar content is comparatively low (up to 50 mmol).