A quantum engine in the BEC-BCS crossover.

A quantum engine in the BEC-BCS crossover.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41586-023-06469-8
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发表时间:
2023-09
期刊:
影响因子:
64.8
通讯作者:
Widera, Artur
Widera, Artur
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Koch, Jennifer;Menon, Keerthy;Cuestas, Eloisa;Barbosa, Sian;Lutz, Eric;Fogarty, Thomas;Busch, Thomas;Widera, Artur

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热机将热能转化为经典和量子体系中的机械功。然而,量子理论提供了真正的非经典形式的能量,不同于热,迄今为止还没有在循环发动机中被利用。在这里,我们通过实验实现了一个量子多体引擎的燃料之间的能量差的费米和玻色子合奏的超冷粒子,从泡利不相容原理。我们采用了一个谐波捕获的超流气体的6Li原子接近磁Feshbach共振,使我们能够有效地改变量子统计从玻色-爱因斯坦到费米-狄拉克,通过调整玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体的玻色子分子和一个单一的费米气体(和背部)之间的气体通过磁场。这种泡利发动机的量子性质是通过将其与经典热机制中的发动机和纯相互作用驱动的设备进行对比来揭示的。我们得到的工作输出的几个106振动量子每周期的效率高达25%。我们的研究结果建立量子统计作为一个有用的热力学资源的工作生产。这项研究报告了一个模型热力学引擎的创建,该引擎由量子气体从玻色子到费米子的统计变化所产生的能量差提供燃料。
Heat engines convert thermal energy into mechanical work both in the classical and quantum regimes. However, quantum theory offers genuine non-classical forms of energy, different from heat, which so far have not been exploited in cyclic engines. Here we experimentally realize a quantum many-body engine fuelled by the energy difference between fermionic and bosonic ensembles of ultracold particles that follows from the Pauli exclusion principle. We employ a harmonically trapped superfluid gas of 6Li atoms close to a magnetic Feshbach resonance that allows us to effectively change the quantum statistics from Bose–Einstein to Fermi–Dirac, by tuning the gas between a Bose–Einstein condensate of bosonic molecules and a unitary Fermi gas (and back) through a magnetic field. The quantum nature of such a Pauli engine is revealed by contrasting it with an engine in the classical thermal regime and with a purely interaction-driven device. We obtain a work output of several 106 vibrational quanta per cycle with an efficiency of up to 25%. Our findings establish quantum statistics as a useful thermodynamic resource for work production. This study reports the creation of a model thermodynamic engine that is fuelled by the energy difference resulting from changing the statistics of a quantum gas from bosonic to fermionic.
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