Nutritional, Biophysical and Physiological Characteristics of Wild Rocket Genotypes As Affected by Soilless Cultivation System, Salinity Level of Nutrient Solution and Growing Period.
Nutritional, Biophysical and Physiological Characteristics of Wild Rocket Genotypes As Affected by Soilless Cultivation System, Salinity Level of Nutrient Solution and Growing Period.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpls.2017.00300
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Conversa G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bonasia A;Lazzizera C;Elia A;Conversa G
为了确定无土栽培系统中获得高质量幼叶火箭的最佳营养液管理，本研究以两种野生火箭基因型为材料（“自然”和“Naturelle”），在温室中生长，在两个意大利南部生长条件下-秋冬（AW）和冬春（WS）-使用两种无土栽培系统（SCS）-在两个电导率值（EC）下的NS。使用的SCS是浮动系统（FS）和涨落系统（EFS），AW循环的EC值为2.5和3.5 dS m-1（EC2.5; EC3.5），WS循环的EC值为3.5和4.5 dS m-1（EC3.5; EC4.5）。对其产量、生物物理、生理和营养特性进行了评价。高鲜度（FY）（2.25与1.50 kg m−2）和干燥（DY）（230.6 vs. 106.1 g m−2）重量产量，叶硬度（干物质，104.3对83.2 g kg−1 FW;比叶面积，34.8对24.2 g cm−2）和抗氧化剂化合物（维生素C，239.0对152.7 mg kg−1 FW;总酚，997对450 mg GAE mg kg−1 FW;总芥子油苷-GLS，1，078.8对405.7 mg kg−1 DW;总抗氧化能力-TAC，11，534对8，637 μmol eq trolox kg−1 FW）和较低的硝酸盐（1，470对3，460 mg kg−1 FW）。季节性差异是明显的GLS配置文件：一些脂肪族GLS（apoleiferin，glucobrassicanapin）和吲哚4-OH-glucobrassicin仅在WS条件下表达，而吲哚glucobrassicin仅在AW期间检测到。与EFS相比，FS提高了叶片硬度，视觉质量，抗氧化剂含量（TAC，+11.6%），减少了硝酸盐的积累（-37%）。“Naturelle”在产量、视觉品质和营养特性方面表现优于“Nature”，在不利的气候条件下和在FS中种植时，差异更明显。与EC2.5相比，EC3.5处理不影响DY，同时提高了硬度，视觉质量和抗氧化化合物（TAC，+8%），并降低了硝酸盐含量（-47%）。EC4.5处理降低了FY和DY含量，降低了抗氧化剂含量。尽管季节性气候条件变化，FS和NS的中等盐度水平（3.5 dS m−1）可以建议为最佳。
With the aim of defining the best management of nutrient solution (NS) in a soilless system for obtaining high quality baby-leaf rocket, the present study focuses on two wild rocket genotypes (“Nature” and “Naturelle”), grown in a greenhouse under two Southern Italy growing conditions—autumn-winter (AW) and winter-spring (WS)—using two soilless cultivation systems (SCS)—at two electrical conductivity values (EC) of NS. The SCSs used were the Floating System (FS) and Ebb and Flow System (EFS) and the EC values were 2.5 and 3.5 dS m−1 (EC2.5; EC3.5) for the AW cycle and 3.5 and 4.5 dS m−1 (EC3.5; EC4.5) for the WS cycle. The yield, bio-physical, physiological and nutritional characteristics were evaluated. Higher fresh (FY) (2.25 vs. 1.50 kg m−2) and dry (DY) (230.6 vs. 106.1 g m−2) weight yield, leaf firmness (dry matter, 104.3 vs. 83.2 g kg−1 FW; specific leaf area, 34.8 vs. 24.2 g cm−2) and antioxidant compounds (vitamin C, 239.0 vs. 152.7 mg kg−1 FW; total phenols, 997 vs. 450 mg GAE mg kg−1 FW; total glucosinulates-GLSs, 1,078.8 vs. 405.7 mg kg−1 DW; total antioxidant capacity-TAC, 11,534 vs. 8,637 μmol eq trolox kg−1 FW) and lower nitrates (1,470 vs. 3,460 mg kg−1 FW) were obtained under WS conditions. The seasonal differences were evident on the GLS profile: some aliphatic GLSs (gluconapoleiferin, glucobrassicanapin) and indolic 4-OH-glucobrassicin were only expressed in WS conditions, while indolic glucobrassicin was only detected in the AW period. Compared with EFS, FS improved leaf firmness, visual quality, antioxidant content (TAC, +11.6%) and reduced nitrate leaf accumulation (−37%). “Naturelle” performed better than “Nature” in terms of yield, visual quality and nutritional profile, with differences more evident under less favorable climatic conditions and when the cultivars were grown in FS. Compared to EC2.5, the EC3.5 treatment did not affect DY while enhancing firmness, visual quality, and antioxidant compounds (TAC, +8%), and reducing the nitrate content (−47%). The EC4.5 treatment reduced FY and DY and the antioxidant content. Despite seasonal climatic condition variability, FS and the moderate salinity level of NS (3.5 dS m−1) can be suggested as optimum.