Optokinetic nystagmus reflects perceptual directions in the onset binocular rivalry in Parkinson's disease.
Optokinetic nystagmus reflects perceptual directions in the onset binocular rivalry in Parkinson's disease.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0173707
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Tsuchiya N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fujiwara M;Ding C;Kaunitz L;Stout JC;Thyagarajan D;Tsuchiya N
视动性眼球震颤（OKN）是由运动场引起的反射性眼球运动，近年来作为评估意识知觉的有用工具而受到研究者的关注。当有意识的知觉和刺激是分离的，如在双眼竞争时，当不同的图像同时呈现给每只眼睛，知觉随着时间的推移在两个图像之间交替时，OKN与知觉相关，而不是与运动场的物理方向相关。虽然这种关系在健康受试者中得到了很好的建立，但尚不清楚它是否也适用于临床人群，例如帕金森病患者。帕金森氏病是一种运动障碍，会引起震颤、动作迟缓和僵硬。它也可能与视力缺陷有关，例如扫视和平滑追踪眼球运动受损。在这里，我们采用了短时间，发作双眼竞争（2秒的刺激演示试验，然后是1秒的试验间隔）与移动光栅刺激，以评估OKN在帕金森病患者（N = 39）和对照组（N = 29）的相似年龄。每个试验要么是非竞争性的（相同的刺激呈现给双眼）或竞争性的，如在双眼竞争。我们分析了OKN辨别方向的刺激和知觉的一个试验的基础上。虽然慢相OKN的速度在患者中较慢，但基于OKN的意识感知的可辨别性在两组之间具有可比性。抗帕金森药物和脑深部电刺激治疗改善了患者的运动能力，但对OKN没有影响。此外，OKN为基础的措施是强大的，他们的lavery短于手动按钮为基础的措施，在两组和刺激条件。据我们所知，我们的研究是第一个证明OKN可以作为一个可靠的指标，有意识的知觉在双眼竞争，即使在帕金森氏症患者的手灵巧性受损，可能会使按钮按下报告不太可靠。
Optokinetic nystagmus (OKN), the reflexive eye movements evoked by a moving field, has recently gained interest among researchers as a useful tool to assess conscious perception. When conscious perception and stimulus are dissociated, such as in binocular rivalry—when dissimilar images are simultaneously presented to each eye and perception alternates between the two images over time—OKN correlates with perception rather than with the physical direction of the moving field. While this relationship is well established in healthy subjects, it is yet unclear whether it also generalizes to clinical populations, for example, patients with Parkinson’s disease. Parkinson’s disease is a motor disorder, causing tremor, slow movements and rigidity. It may also be associated with oculomotor deficits, such as impaired saccades and smooth pursuit eye movements. Here, we employed short-duration, onset binocular rivalry (2 s trial of stimulus presentation followed by 1 s inter-trial interval) with moving grating stimuli to assess OKN in Parkinson’s disease patients (N = 39) and controls (N = 29) of a similar age. Each trial was either non-rivalrous (same stimuli presented to both eyes) or rivalrous, as in binocular rivalry. We analyzed OKN to discriminate direction of stimulus and perception on a trial-by-trial basis. Although the speed of slow-phase OKN was slower in the patients, discriminability of conscious perception based on OKN was comparable between the groups. Treatment with anti-Parkinson drugs and deep brain stimulation improved motor ability of patients, but did not impact on OKN. Furthermore, OKN-based measures were robust and their latencies were shorter than manual button-based measures in both groups and stimulus conditions. To our knowledge, our study is the first to demonstrate that OKN can be used as a reliable indicator of conscious perception in binocular rivalry even in Parkinson’s disease patients in whom impaired manual dexterity may render button-press reports less reliable.