Environmental Factors and Gene Activities That Influence Life Span
Environmental Factors and Gene Activities That Influence Life Span
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DOI：
10.1101/087969532.33.791
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发表时间：
1997
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
C. Kenyon
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Kenyon
I.寿命的研究老化的速度是如何确定的还不清楚。人们通常认为衰老是不可避免的腐烂和退化过程的结果。然而，有理由相信，老化过程是积极调节的。例如，生殖细胞和转化细胞不会衰老，这表明衰老不是真核细胞的必要特征。此外，不同物种的衰老速度也有显著差异;例如，老鼠、金丝雀和蝙蝠（所有小型温血动物）的寿命分别为2年、13年和30年或更长（关于衰老率的系统发育变异的广泛综述，见Finch 1990）。此外，内分泌系统对衰老速率的控制已经涉及许多不同类型的生物体;例如，有袋类小鼠和某些鲑鱼和昆虫在繁殖后会经历快速衰老过程，内分泌系统已被证明可以延缓蜂王的衰老。许多在不利环境条件下进入滞育或休眠状态的物种的寿命也可以延长，其中一个极端的例子是秀丽隐杆线虫幼虫。脊椎动物和许多其他动物的衰老速度也可以根据食物的供应而改变。总之，这些观察结果表明，衰老的速度是积极调节的。与其他生物过程一样，可以使用遗传学来剖析衰老过程，事实上，...
I. THE STUDY OF LIFE SPAN How the rate of aging is determined is unknown. It is often assumed that aging is the result of an inevitable process of decay and degeneration. However, there are reasons to believe that the aging process is actively regulated. For example, germ cells and transformed cells do not age, which indicates that aging is not a necessary feature of eukaryotic cells. In addition, the rate of aging is strikingly different in different species; e.g., the life spans of mice, canaries, and bats (all small warm-blooded animals) are 2, 13, and 30 years or more, respectively (for an extensive review of the phylogenetic variation of aging rates, see Finch 1990). In addition, control of the rate of aging by the endocrine system has been implicated in many different types of organisms; e.g., marsupial mice and certain species of salmon and insects undergo a rapid process of senescence following reproduction, and the endocrine system has been shown to delay senescence in the queen bee. Life span can also be extended in many species that enter a state of diapause or dormancy under unfavorable environmental conditions, an extreme example of which is the Caenorhabditis elegans dauer larva. The rate of aging in vertebrates and many other animals can also be altered in response to food availability. Together, these observations suggest that the rate of aging is actively regulated. As with other biological processes, it may be possible to dissect the aging process using genetics, and in fact,...