Boldness behavior and stress physiology in a novel urban environment suggest rapid correlated evolutionary adaptation
Boldness behavior and stress physiology in a novel urban environment suggest rapid correlated evolutionary adaptation
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DOI：
10.1093/beheco/ars059
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发表时间：
2012-09-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Ketterson, Ellen D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Atwell, Jonathan W.;Cardoso, Goncalo C.;Ketterson, Ellen D.
新的或不断变化的环境使动物暴露在不同的应激源下，这可能需要协调的荷尔蒙和行为适应。对城市环境的预测适应包括对压力源的减弱的生理反应和更大胆的探索行为，但到目前为止，很少有研究评估城市生活对自然系统中这些荷尔蒙和行为特征的共同差异的影响。在这里，我们展示了一种鸣鸟，一种黑眼睛的野鸟，在它定居于一个新的城市环境后，在压力生理和相关的大胆行为方面的快速适应变化。我们比较了来自加利福尼亚州圣地亚哥最近建立的城市种群的鸟类的皮质酮(CORT)对搬运和飞行起始距离的反应，以及来自该物种祖先山地繁殖范围内附近荒地种群的鸟类。我们还在一个圈养的普通花园研究中测量了从小饲养的鸟类的CORT和探索行为。我们发现，在殖民地种群的鸟类中，CORT反应减少和大胆探索行为的持续种群差异，以及最大CORT和探索行为之间的显著负协变。虽然不能排除早期发育影响，但这些结果表明，与城市栖息地殖民相关的荷尔蒙和行为特征的当代适应性进化。
Novel or changing environments expose animals to diverse stressors that likely require coordinated hormonal and behavioral adaptations. Predicted adaptations to urban environments include attenuated physiological responses to stressors and bolder exploratory behaviors, but few studies to date have evaluated the impact of urban life on codivergence of these hormonal and behavioral traits in natural systems. Here, we demonstrate rapid adaptive shifts in both stress physiology and correlated boldness behaviors in a songbird, the dark-eyed junco, following its colonization of a novel urban environment. We compared elevation in corticosterone (CORT) in response to handling and flight initiation distances in birds from a recently established urban population in San Diego, California to birds from a nearby wildland population in the species' ancestral montane breeding range. We also measured CORT and exploratory behavior in birds raised from early life in a captive common garden study. We found persistent population differences for both reduced CORT responses and bolder exploratory behavior in birds from the colonist population, as well as significant negative covariation between maximum CORT and exploratory behavior. Although early developmental effects cannot be ruled out, these results suggest contemporary adaptive evolution of correlated hormonal and behavioral traits associated with colonization of an urban habitat.