Waiving chronic fish tests: possible use of acute-to-chronic relationships and interspecies correlations
Waiving chronic fish tests: possible use of acute-to-chronic relationships and interspecies correlations
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DOI：
10.1080/02772248.2016.1246663
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发表时间：
2017-01-01
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Worth, Andrew
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kienzler, Aude;Halder, Marlies;Worth, Andrew
欧盟化学品立法要求在提议或进行对脊椎动物的新试验之前，利用所有可获得的信息进行危害和风险评估。在这方面，已经探讨了根据现有数据避免慢性鱼类试验的外推方法。简单的线性关系和水蚤和鱼类之间的物种间的敏感性比率进行了计算和急性-慢性的关系和比率进行了计算的鱼类，考虑到行动的模式。根据急性鱼类和水蚤的数据，获得了慢性鱼类毒性预测的最佳拟合关系。化学品的非特异性反应和非极性麻醉给最强的急性和慢性水蚤慢性鱼类的关系。与急性鱼类数据，强关系，获得所有的行动模式。研究发现，水蚤对几种苯胺衍生物和通过胆碱酯酶抑制作用发挥作用的农药比鱼类更敏感，而对已知的内分泌干扰物的敏感性低于鱼类。极端（即100）物种间的敏感性比率主要是明显的化学品极性麻醉和特定的反应。环境风险评估中通常采用的安全系数100似乎对每种作用方式的保护作用并不相同。
EU chemicals legislation requires the use of all available information for hazard and risk assessment before new tests on vertebrates are proposed or conducted. In this context, extrapolation approaches for avoiding chronic fish testing on the basis of existing data have been explored. Simple linear relationships and interspecies sensitivity ratios between Daphnia and fish were calculated and acute-to-chronic relationships and ratios were calculated for fish, taking into consideration the mode of action. The best fitted relationships for the prediction of chronic fish toxicity are obtained based on acute fish and Daphnia data. Chemicals acting by unspecific reactivity and non-polar narcosis give the strongest acute and chronic Daphnia-to-chronic fish relationship. With acute fish data, strong relationships are obtained for all mode of action. Daphnia was found to be more sensitive than fish to several aniline derivatives and pesticides acting through cholinesterase inhibition, and less sensitive than fish to known endocrine disruptors. Extreme (i.e. 100) interspecies sensitivity ratios were mainly evident for chemicals acting by polar narcosis and specific reactivity. The safety factor of 100 commonly applied in environmental risk assessment does not seem to be equally protective for each mode of action.