Placozoa

Placozoa
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扁虫纲

DOI:
10.1016/j.cub.2017.11.042
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发表时间:
2018
期刊:
影响因子:
9.2
通讯作者:
Rob DeSalle
Rob DeSalle
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
B. Schierwater;Rob DeSalle

文献摘要

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什么是爬行动物?对我们来说,鳄鱼是人们能想到的最独特的动物(图1)。到目前为止,这些总是饥饿的生物的包皮是所有动物中最简单的--只有一些二次减少的寄生虫显示出类似的简单形态。悬铃虫以三明治状的身体平面组织,有一个下层上皮(面对底物)和一个上层上皮(面对开阔水域)。在这两层中嵌入了一层松散的所谓的“纤维细胞”。悬臂猿缺乏任何明显的对称性或身体轴线。它们没有离散的器官,没有清晰的神经或肌肉细胞,甚至没有任何明显的细胞外基质或基底膜。仅仅六种体细胞类型就完成了所有的功能,并将动物维系在一起(即使在波浪区也是如此)。然而,普拉科动物可以摄食、消化、嗅觉、观察、移动、生长和繁殖。在大多数海洋中,它们以平坦、微小的盘子在坚硬的底物上爬行。
What are Placozoa? To us, Placozoa are the most unique animals one can think of (Figure 1). The bauplan of these always hungry creatures is by far the simplest of all animals—only some secondarily reduced parasites show a similarly simple morphology. Placozoa are organized in a sandwich-like body plan with a lower epithelium (facing the substrate) and an upper epithelium (facing the open water). Embedded within these two layers is a loose layer of so-called'fiber cells'. Placozoa lack any kind of apparent symmetry or body axis. They have no discrete organs, no clear nerve or muscle cells, not even any obvious extracellular matrix or a basal membrane. A mere six somatic cell types perform all functions and hold the animal together (even in heavy wave-break zones). Yet, placozoa can feed, digest, smell, see, move, grow and reproduce. They crawl as flat, tiny plates over hard substrates in most oceans.